10/29/1971 - On the cusp of becoming a major star in the world of musical entertainment, tragedy takes away guitar playing marvel, Duane Allman, following a motorcycle accident in the town of Macon, Georgia. The guitarist is only 24 years old at the time of his death.
Named for Revolutionary War hero, General Francis Nash, Nashville, Tennessee, the town that will one day be known as "Music City," becomes the home of WWII veteran Willis Allman (he, along with his younger brother, Howard, will be among the thousands of Allied soldiers that land on the beaches of Normandy, France on D-Day, June 6, 1944) and his wife, Geraldine Robbins Allman following Allman's return from the war. Remaining in the service as a recruiting officer stationed in Nashville, the Allman Family welcome into their ranks a third member, Howard Duane Allman, on November 20, 1946. A year later, on December 8, 1947, the family expands again when Gregory Lenoir Allman is born. In 1949 the family pulls up stakes when Willis is sent to the Fort Story army base at Virginia Beach, Virginia. Sadly, while away celebrating Christmas with her parents in North Carolina, the young brothers (Duane has been three for all of a month) and Geraldine lose Willis on December 26th, when the second lieutenant is shot in the chest by a fellow veteran in East Ocean View, Virginia, during a failed robbery following a night of holiday celebrating bar hopping with a buddy. For the next few years the threesome live with Willis' parents in Nashville. The small family is fractured once more in 1955 when Geraldine decides to use military benefits available to Army widows to attend college to receive a degree in accounting (a higher paying career than continuing to work as a secretary), while using another widow benefit to send her sons to the Castle Heights Military Academy of Lebanon, Tennessee (roughly 30 miles east of Nashville), while she concentrates on her studies. Barracks, military uniforms, studies (Duane enters as a fourth grader, while Gregg goes in as a third grader, with Gregg on the top floor of the school's Hooker Hall and Duane assigned a space on the Hall's first floor) , discipline, and being separated from family not to the liking of the wild youngsters from Nashville, the threesome are reunited two years later when Geraldine, now a certified public accountant begins her new career and sets up shop in Daytona Beach, Florida.
Geraldine & Willis
The Allmans - 1947
With Grandma
Military School - Gregg & Duane
Except for when Duane is beating on his brother over one thing or another (per Gregg, the muggings happen almost everyday until they both become teenagers sharing a deep passion for music), the boys flourish in their new home, filling their days with kid adventures, trips to the beach, and summer visits to their loving grandparents. The Daytona 200 motorcycle race celebrating its 20th anniversary in 1957 (the race takes place just south of the Allman's abode near the Ponce Inlet), Duane develops his life long passion for motorcycles and lots of speed, soon acquiring a tiny Harley 165, which he drives into the ground. The first Allman to be hit by musical lightning however is Gregg, who after being taught how to play "Comin' Around the Mountain When She Comes" by one of his grandmother's neighbors during a summer visit, returns to Daytona in need of an axe of his own ... which he procures in the form of a brand new Sears Silvertone with proceeds from his paper route and ninety-five cents from his mother. His motorcycle in pieces, Duane is soon hooked on plucking his brother's new possession and the brothers soon have something new to fight about, at least until bringing peace to her home, Geraldine buys her oldest son a cherry-red 1959 Gibson Les Paul Junior electric guitar (to keep the boys from fighting over Gregg's newest guitar, and electric Fender Musicmaster). And so the boys begin playing, playing, and playing some more, with both left-handers teaching themselves to play right-handed. Inhaling the rhythm and blues, country, and rock & roll of the region, Duane tells his brother they have to be professional musicians too after the brothers attend a concert in Nashville (during another visit to their grandparents' abode) feature the guitar stylings of Jackie Wilson, B.B. King, and Johnny Taylor. Soon both brothers tire of school and just want to play music (they are sent back to military school as their grades begin slipping ... Duane will drop out of school (he also becomes a father for the first time, having a deaf little girl with his high school sweetheart Patti Chandlee that the pair of youngsters put up for adoption) and Gregg will graduate from Seabreeze High School in Daytona ... and both boys will begin boozing and dabbling in drugs, playing with and forming various bands ... the Y Teens, House Rockers, the Escorts (who actually open a concert for the Beach Boys in 1965), the Allman Joys, and Hour Glass (which records two albums for Liberty Records of Los Angeles, that both fail to register with the public).
Harley 165
1959 Gibson Les Paul
Hour Glass Trying To Be The Beatles - Duane
Strumming And Gregg Singing
Playing way beyond good by 1966, while seeking the right vehicle to bring together his musical vision of the blues mixed with country and rock, Duane begins taking session work on other artist's recordings despite being unable to read charts (instead, he has whatever song he is working on played for him and memorizes it after only one listen), beginning with work at Nashville's RCA Studio "B" (on The Vogues first album, produced by Tony Moon) before moving on to FAME (Florence Alabama Music Enterprises) Studios of Muscle Shoals, Alabama, where he pitches a tent in the parking lot of the studio and befriending owner Rick Hall and legendary bluesman, Wilson Pickett. During a lunch break from recording his next album for Atlantic Records in 1968, Pickett is taught the Beatles' "Hey Jude" by Duane, and then is invited inside to play on the track, which becomes the name of Pickett's next hit album. It also serves as a doorway to other session work as other producers and artists want Allman on their albums (among his new admirers are Atlantic Records executive, Jerry Wexler, and the world's then reigning guitar God, that "Creem guy" as Duane will state, Eric Clapton, who is astonished by Allman's lead break at the end of the tune). Among those that will benefit from working with Duane at Muscle Shoals will be Clarence Carter, King Curtis, Aretha Franklin, Laura Nyro, Otis Rush, Percy Sledge, Johnny Jenkins, Boz Scaggs, Delany & Bonnie, Doris Duke, and jazzman Herbie Mann (impossible to count, during his Allman Brothers band days, he often just stops in to see who is recording and adds little bits of this-and-that to numerous recordings that go uncredited).
Pickett & Duane
Duane & Hall
Taj Mahal & Jesse Ed Davis
Coricidin Circa 1968
Duane Playing Slide
Idlewild South
Soul Food Time
Brought to New York City to record at the Atlantic Records studio, giving house engineer Adrian Barber his first producing credit (producer Tom Dowd, a veteran with names like Ray Charles, The Drifters, Bobby Darin, John Coltrane, Charlie Parker, Creem and others on his resume, is scheduled but becomes unavailable during August of 1969) the group enjoys New York City (getting there though is slightly harrowing as the truck carrying their gear breaks down in South Carolina) and putting down the tracks that will be their first album, named after themselves as so many first albums are, The Allman Brothers Band. Taking only two weeks to record, the album features 33 minutes and 18 seconds of music in the form of seven songs ... "Don't Want You No More," "It's Not My Cross To Bear," "Black Hearted Woman," "Every Hungry Woman," "Dreams," and "Whipping Post." Artwork for the album consists of photography of the band taken by Stephen Paley taken around Macon, the entrance to the College House on the front cover, and the Bond Tomb at the Rose Hill Cemetery on the back, and inside, a special treat to draw attention to the group, a shot of the men naked in a brook (privates covered by standing behind Oakley, only Trucks isn't sitting in the water, compliments of cutting himself earlier in the day and having to keep his thirteen stitch wound dry). Released on November 4, 1969, the band is soon on the road in support of the album and though crowds react enthusiastically to the material, initial sales are mediocre (less than 35,000 copies) and the record only reaches #188 on Billboard's Top 200 Pop Albums chart. Music critics however like what they hear, with Lester Bangs of Rolling Stone Magazine calling the record "... subtle, honest, and moving," and the band that has "... transcended their schooling to produce a volatile blues-rock sound of pure energy, inspiration, and love." Debut
The Buck Naked Boys - Trucks Standing, Oakley,
Johanson, Gregg, Duane, & Betts
The vitally important year of 1970 begins with the group performing at the Electric Factory in Philadelphia and ends with them on the West Coast performing at the Fillmore West in San Francisco and then the Whiskey a Go Go in Los Angeles. Traveling from this venue to that, in first a Ford Econoline van and then a Winnebago the group calls "The Wind Bag," the group builds it's fan base, performing over 300 times in search of stardom. And with the traveling on the road comes the usual rock and roll madness of booze and drugs (following a well trod path to destruction, Duane has moved from sniffing clue as a teenager to going on to marijuana, speed, psychedelic mushrooms, cocaine, to heroin ... on October 29th, after a concert in Nashville, the band almost loses it's leader when Duane overdoses and is taken to a local hospital where doctor's expect him to perish, but instead he makes a miraculous recovery that some say comes by way of Berry Oakley praying to God to give the guitarist one more year to live so he can fulfill his dream of musical stardom), and with the Allman Brothers Band there is even a murder, with road manger Lyndon stabbing Buffalo, New York club owner Angel Aliotta to death over $500 owed the band (incredibly, Lyndon will be found not guilty by reason of insanity as his defense lawyer sways the jury with a defense that being out on the road with the band drove the travel manager momentarily mad). The only time the band seems to slow even a little is when over the course of parts of six months (February to July), they meet up with producer Tom Dowd at multiple studios and record material that will become the seven songs of their second album ("Revival," "Don't Keep Me Wonderin'," "Midnight Rider," Hootchie Coochie Man," "Please Call Home," and "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed). Incorporating the new material into their live performances, the second album sells more copies than the group's debut, rising to #38 on Billboard's album chart, but again disappointing Duane that doesn't chart even higher.
The Whiskey
At Atlanta Stadium - June, 1970
Guitar heaven, attending one of the groups many 1970 concerts with members of Derek and the Dominos (this one in Miami) is Eric Clapton. The two men meet after the concert and an instant bond (the pair will soon being calling each other "brothers" and "soul mates") develops as the musicians and the members of their bands retire to Criteria Records and spend the night trading licks, telling stories, and listening to tapes of what will become the Idlewild South album. Impressed with Duane's slide playing, Clapton asks Allman to sit in on the sessions needed to complete what will become the album "Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs," which Duane does, contributing some of his best known playing to the record (Duane will state that to tell who is playing what on the album is very simple, Clapton is on a Fender creating a sparkling sound, while Allman is producing a "full-tilt screech" with a Gibson guitar) so much so that Clapton offers him a place in the band. Though Duane never leaves his own group, he does miss four Allman Brothers Band concerts while recording eleven of the fourteen songs on the album with Clapton (the rock classic, "Layla," to which Duane contributes mightily will be chosen by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of its 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll, is ranked #27 on Rolling Stone's The 500 Greatest Songs of All-Time, and was placed at #118 on the Songs of the Century list of the Recording Industry Association of America) and performs as a live Domino at the band's gigs on December 1, 1970 at the Curtis Hixon Hall in Tampa, Florida, and the next day at the Onondaga County War Memorial Stadium in Syracuse.
Eric & Duane
Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs
Still pushing their music seeking commercial success, 1970 ends for the Allman Brothers Band with two December concerts at the Fillmore East opening for Canned Heat, then holiday concerts in Washington D.C., Boston, home in Macon, and then in New Orleans. Still audience hunting in January of 1971, the band plays to larger and larger crowds of raving fans at venues in Statesboro, Georgia (opening of course with "Statesboro Blues"), Boone, North Carolina, Atlanta, Pittsburgh, and Port Chester, New York, before ending the month on the West Coast opening for Hot Tuna (an offshoot of the Jefferson Airplane) in a series of concerts at Bill Graham's Fillmore West in San Francisco. And somewhere along the way a light bulb goes off in Duane's head of escaping the grind of studio work producing another album by recording a series of their live, crowd pleasing performances that are to take place in march at a favorite location of the band ... Bill Graham's Fillmore East in New York City where they are to open for Johnny Winter and the Elvin Bishop Group (the band is paid $1,250 for each show). Eureka mixed with kismet, the album that emerges from the concerts consists of 76 minutes and 22 seconds of music on two records (Side One features "Statesboro Blues," "Done Somebody Wrong," and "Stormy Monday." Side Two is one nineteen minute and six second song, "You Don't Love Me." Side Three is made up of the tunes "Hot Lanta" and "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed. Side Four is another single song lasting twenty-two minutes and forty seconds, "Whipping Post.") produced again by Tom Dowd (fresh from escaping a cold European winter, finding out from Jerry Wexler on the day of the first concert that he will be recording the Allman Brothers Band that night from inside a truck housing the Location Recorders' 16-track mobile studio) which one day will be selected for preservation by the Library of Congress for being of "culturally, historically, or aesthetically important." The breakthrough Duane was hoping for, "At The Fillmore East" (released on July 6, 1971) is now considered to be one of the finest live albums ever recorded (in 2020, The Independent newspaper proclaims it the best live album of all time), is certified gold by October, crests at #13 on the Billboard charts, and eventually becomes the band's first platinum album ... and a bargain for the fans, it is sold as if it is a single disc. Selling immediately upon release, it also marks the closing days of the band opening for someone else, they are headliners now as The Beach Boys will discover when the Allman Brothers Band closes the Fillmore East for Graham on June 27, 1971.
Brothers And Their Equipment - Everyone Laughing
Because Duane Is Holding Contraband On His Crotch
Back Cover - Duane's Idea - The Allman Brothers
Band Roadies, The Songs, And Twiggs Lyndon
Push Push
Gregg Allman, Red Dog, And Payne
Oakley
Picked up at the airport by his brother and Gregg's new wife Shelley on the 28th, one year to the day of surviving his overdose, on the last day of life, Friday, 10/29/1971, Duane sleeps in while his new girlfriend, Dixie Meadow, and Linda Oakley's sister, Candace, bake a cake for the party (he has moved out of the band's house and into a home of his own with his girlfriend. Waking, Duane gets a ride to the town's Harley-Davidson dealership and picks up his fork leg modified Sportster (which has been newly re-tired, front and back), along with the new helmet he has purchased (he immediately cuts the chin strap in two). Returning to the "Big House," Duane prepares for Halloween by carving pumpkins on the house's porch, before getting on his Harley at half-past five in the early evening to lead a two-car caravan back to his place to pick up the birthday cake for Linda and a passel of gifts (in one car are Dixie and Candace and in the other is Berry Oakley). Taking a shortcut home, Duane turns right onto Hillcrest Avenue and steps on the gas. Disaster strikes moments later when an east bound truck in front of Duane begin makes a left turn onto Bartlett Street and comes to a dead stop in the middle of the intersection. Trying to swing around the obstacle at speed, Duane hits the truck hard ... helmet off from the impact, the guitarist comes off his bike, and after the Harley bounces once, the five hundred pound motorcycle comes down on Duane and the pair skid almost a hundred feet down Hillcrest before coming to rest on the curb, with the bike's motor still racing. Following only a few seconds behind, Candace and Dixie stop and race to Duane's side (Berry Oakley has taken a different route to Duane's home), with Candace calling for an emergency ambulance (although it actually doesn't take long, she has to visit three nearby houses before finding someone willing to let her call 911). Unconscious when the ambulance shows up (meanwhile, Candace drives to Duane's house where she gives Oakley the unexpected news and calls Gregg's apartment to tell Allman his older brother is on the way to the hospital ... his abode in close proximity to the medical facility, Gregg runs to the hospital), the guitarist has only superficial scratches and strawberries on his body, but beyond view, has suffered multiple massive internal injuries. With Dixie at his side in the ambulance, Duane's stops breathing, but is revived by a paramedic who provides mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. At Macon's Medical Center of Central Georgia, Dr. Charles Burton determines that Allman's only chance is surgery, but his injuries are too severe, and roughly three hours after crashing, the 24-year-old guitarist passes away from a ruptured coronary artery and a severely damaged liver.
Hillcrest & Bartlett Intersection
The Motorcycle
Big News
Word of the disaster quickly spreading through the musical world, Duane's funeral takes place three days later, on November 1st, at around 3:00 in the afternoon (prior to the official farewell, Allman Brothers Band road manager Willie Perkins ushers Duane's family and closest friends into a side room of Snow's Memorial Chapel where they can view the musician a final time ... when the lid of the casket is finally closed, Duane's beloved Coricidin slide is on his ring finger and a single joint is in his coat pocket). Behind Duane's flower-covered casket and his guitar case, the Allman Brothers Band, supported by mourning guests Thom Doucette (on harmonica), Delaney Bramlett (of the group, Delaney & Bonnie), and Dr. John perform "The Sky Is Crying, "Key to the Highway," "Stormy Monday," "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed," "Will the Circle Be Unbroken," "Come On in My Kitchen," "Melissa" (Duane's favorite song written by his younger brother), and close with "Statesboro Blues" (with Betts playing Duane's slide intro o the guitarist's Les Paul). Giving the eulogy, Atlantic music executive and Duane's friend, Jerry Wexler, will sum up Allman's life by stating, "Those of us who were privileged to know Duane will remember him from all the studios, backstage dressing rooms, the Downtowners, the Holiday Inns, the Sheratons, the late nights relaxing after the sessions, the whiskey and the music talk, playing back cassettes until night gave way to dawn, the meals and the pool games, the fishing in Miami and Long Island-this young, beautiful man who we love so dearly, but who is not lost to us, because we have his music-and the music is imperishable." Services over, Duane is buried at one of his favorite locations, Rose Hill Cemetery, under a stone tablet of the musician's own words: "I LOVE BEING ALIVE AND I WILL BE THE BEST MAN I POSSIBLY CAN. i WILL TAKE LOVE WHEREVER I FIND IT AND OFFER IT TO EVERYONE WHO WILL TAKE IT ... SEEK KNOWLEDGE FROM THOSE WISER ... AND TEACH THOSE WHO WISH TO LEARN FROM ME."
Funeral Jam
Duane And Wexler
Their leader lost, the surviving members of the band all agree to continue on as a five-member group, and as such, reach even greater commercial success, starting with the band's fourth album and Duane's last music, "Eat a Peach" (the title comes from Duane's response to a reporter's query about what the guitarist does to bring peace to the world, proclaiming "I'm hitting a lick for peace-and every time I'm in Georgia, I eat a peach for peace." Produced again by Tom Dowd, "Eat a Peach" features 68 minutes and 42 seconds of new and old music (the band will fill out the package with new studio material and sounds from their famous At Fillmore East stand) with Duane playing lead and slide on all four sides ... "Ain't Wastin' Time No More," Les Brers In A Minor," "Melissa," "Mountain Jam - Part One," "One Way Out," "Trouble No More," "Stand Back," "Blue Sky," "Little Martha," and "Mountain Jam - Part Two." Released on February 12, 1972, the album will reach #4 on that year's Billboard's Top 200 Pop Albums, will eventually be certified platinum and becomes the group's best selling effort. Sadly, Berry Oakley will not be around beyond 1972 to enjoy the groups success. Morose from the loss of his friend and the part he played organizing his wife's surprise party and praying at Duane's bedside, the bassist attempts to chase his sorrows away (and the nightmares he begins to have where the hellhounds of Robert Johnson are on his trail) by consuming massive amounts of booze and drugs. His woes come to an end on November 11, 1972, just slightly over a year from the time of Duane's death, when riding his Triumph 750 motorcycle in Macon with keyboardist, Chuck Leavell, and roadie, Kim Payne, Oakley loses control of his bike taking a sharp bend in Napier Road (only three blocks from where Allman hit the truck) and crashes into a city bus. As if mimicking Duane's accident, Oakley is thrown roughly sixty feet down the rode, and like his friend, the cycle lands on the bassist. Despite hitting the bus, sliding along the road, and cracking his helmet, Oakley appears to only suffer a bloody nose and an assortment of minor cuts and bruises, and close to "The Big House," he gets a ride home rather than going to the hospital. There, he soon becomes disoriented and in pain, admitted shortly after 3:00 in the afternoon to the emergency room of the same hospital Duane died at, Oakley is pronounced dead less than an hour later, a victim of a hemorrhaging brain caused by fracturing his skull. Like Duane also, Oakley is only 24-years-old at his passing ... he too will be buried at Rose Hill Cemetery, right next to his friend.
The Bad News
Duane's & Berry's Final Resting Places
So much promise lost forever on a very sad day in 1971, Duane (and Berry) leaves way too early and the world is a lesser place for the music that is lost ... but the world also was blessed by the music that was created, music that remains a talismans that can transport the listener back to a time when sweet sounds and the smell of freshly picked peaches filled the southern air. Rest in Peace, Skydog ... you are remembered and still missed.
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