Monday, March 30, 2026

THE BEAK BANDIT GEORGES OF WYOMING - BIG NOSE AND FLAT NOSE

March 20, 1834 & March 20, 1871 - Future outlaws sharing the twentieth day of March for their birthdays, along with the same first names and non-American births, George Parrott and George Sutherland Currie will also share the distinction of playing out a good portion of their outlaw careers in the badlands of Wyoming, and will jointly be known by friend and foe alike for the nicknames that are given them due their distinctive beaks ... Parrott will become known as "Big Nose George" and "Big Beak Parrott" (along with the aliases George Warden and George Manuse), while Currie will be saddled with a decidedly different hooter-handle and will end his life as the notorious Wild Bunch rider, "Flat-Nose George" (along with using the fake moniker of George Langthorpe).  The two bandits will also share the fate of coming to decidedly poor endings.


Big Nose And Flat Nose

While little is known about the parenting he receives and the early life of "Big Nose," his birth date is given as taking place in Montbeliard, France on March 20, 1831.  A horse thief, cattle rustler and two-bit highwayman once he transplants to the United States and moves out West, the robber graduates to murderer in 1878 while in Wyoming prepping with the bandits he leads for a job robbing payroll money being transported by the Union Pacific Railroad.  From the beginning of his move into train robbery, things do not go well though for George.  After loosening the train tracks near Como Lake their target will be traveling over, east of the town of Medicine Bow, Wyoming, "Big Nose," and seven of his associates (including second-in-command "Dutch Charley" Burris, two men claiming to be Frank and Jesse James, Joe Manuse and Frank Tole) hide in the nearby wilds and get ready to plunder the transport to hit their intended target when it goes off the tracks the bandits have sabotaged.  Before the robbery can take place however, the tampering is spotted by a roving section crew that repairs the sabotage and notifies the authorities that bandits appear to be operating in the area.  Responding to their plan to rob the train being discovered, the gang retreats back into the nearby wilds of Elk Mountain and Rattlesnake Canyon, where their next move is decided upon when the outlaw's campsite is discovered on August 19, 1878 by Carbon County Deputy Sheriff Robert Widdowfield and Union Pacific detective Henry "Tip" Vincent.    
Elk Mountain, Wyoming

About to play hunting guide for a group of visitors to the area that includes legendary mountain man John "Texas Jack" Omohundro, Dr. Amandus Ferber, and Count Otto Franc von Lichtenstein, Vincent asks for two days off to help a friend (Robert Widdowfield) track down the group of miscreants that attempted to waylay the Union Pacific train near Como Lake a few days earlier.  Starting at the site of the attempted robbery, the two lawmen are soon on the miscreant's trail, following the track of the badmen while posing as cowboys tracking cattle that had wandered away from the herd the men were moving.  Following the trail the outlaws had left for 25 miles, the pair come upon a recently abandoned campground below Elk Mountain in Rattlesnake Canyon.  Investigating, Widdowfield steps off his mount to investigate the remains of an apparent campfire and tells his partner that the ashes are fresh ... that however is all he has time to say as a rifle bullet hits him in the face, killing the lawman instantly (the 32-year-old lawman leaves behind a widow and a young son), their quarry has been in hiding and watching the two men checking out their campsite.  Reacting immediately, Vincent turns his horse and spurs the animal in the opposite direction but gets only a few yards before he too is hit and tumbles out of his saddle after being fatally struck by 12 bullets (a bachelor, Vincent is 38-years old at the time of his death).  Intruders taken care of, the crooks then grab the fallen men's weapons, hide their victims under a cover of brush and leaves in a dry streambed, and then ride off in different directions with plans to meet up later at a safer location.  Unbeknownst to "Big Nose" and his criminal companions, the murders have been heard though by a surveyor working in the region named L. M. Hampton who will contact Carbon County Undersheriff James Rankin and Union Pacific Agent James Adams with the information.  Sadly though, it takes until August 27th for the corpses to be discovered, and by then, the miscreants responsible, with a bounty of $10,000 on their heads (soon to rise to $20,000) are long gone ... but not forgotten.
"Big Nose" And His Friends In Action

The first bandit to join the two lawmen in death is Frank Tole.  Attempting to continue his life of crime independent from the rest of the gang, Tole transplants his lawbreaking to the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory.  There, in September of 1878, the gunman attempts to rob a coach belonging to the Black Hills Stage Line, and fatally holed, comes in second in the gun battle that ensues at Old Woman's Creek with the messenger riding shotgun, 26-year-old Daniel Boone May (by the time he dies in 1910 of Yellow Fever in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil at the age of 58, he will be said to have killed 12 robbers for the transportation line). 
Daniel Boone May

Named for Indian fighter Nelson Appleton Miles, in February of 1879, members of the gang reconvene in Milestown, Montana (now Miles City, Montana), and under the direction of Parrott, begin planning their next escapade, the robbery of prosperous merchant, Morris Cahn.  A job for four men, Parrott selects Charlie Burris and two other members of the gang to help him rob the merchant despite the man traveling with a small military convoy of 15 soldiers and 2 officers accompanying an ambulance and a wagon.  Planned to ambush the convoy at the bottom of a steep coulee about ten miles beyond a track crossing the Powder River (near present-day Terry, Montana), the four men take the elements of the convoy captive after the unit splits apart on the narrow byway (known thereafter as "Cahn's Coulee"), with no one killed, and between $3,600 and $14,000 of stolen cash in their pockets.  It will be the last successful robbery for the brigands.   
Powder River Country

    Celebrating the gang's successful robbery along the Powder River, the next miscreant to violently enter the afterlife is the gang's second-in-command, "Dutch Charley" Burris.  Surprised by three lawmen while imbibing at a saloon in Green River, Wyoming on New Year's Eve, the outlaw surrenders without a fight when he finds himself suddenly facing three drawn guns while holding only a double-shot of whiskey.  Following his arrest, the outlaw is taken by train to Laramie and turned over to the newly sworn-in Albany County Sheriff N. K. Boswell.  Five days later he is placed aboard a train bound for Rawlins where he is to stand trial for the killings of Widdowfield and Vincent.  Stopping to take on coal and water though, in the town of Carbon, a mob of around 20 to 30 masked gunmen (some believed to be members of Widdowfield's family) take the prisoner away from the single lawmen guarding him, march him off the train and hang the outlaw from a telegraph pole outside of John Milliken's Boarding House, despite the outlaw's pleas to be shot instead of getting his neck stretched.  The neck stretching delays the train being on its way for only 13 minutes.
Where Burris Was Hung - #10

Instead of greeting the cautionary tale of his partner's demise as a warning, "Big Nose" decides his own good fortune trumps all caution and the outlaw acts like the law isn't looking for him and goes on a much bigger bender than his buddy in which he brags about his many misdeeds ... bragging that is eventually heard by Miles City, Montana Sheriff Tom Irving.  Positive identification made while chatting on the street with a local photographer named L. A. Huffman, not wanting to start a gunbattle with the outlaw, the lawman secretly keeps watch over "Big Nose" and when the outlaw is drunkenly vulnerable, deputies Lem Wilson and Fred Schmalse are sent in to place the murderer in custody.  Put in chains, custody of the miscreant is eventually transferred to 41-year-old Carbon County Sheriff James "Jim" Robert Rankin, who makes a journey of nearly 2,000 miles by rail and stagecoach to bring the outlaw to Rawlins, Wyoming for trial while avoiding members of the bandit's gang.  At first a mostly uneventful rail ride ("Big Nose" is secured to his seat with heavy iron chains and shackles), personally overseen by Rankin, in Carbon City, Wyoming on August 7, 1880, things get dicey for the bandit and his keeper when a masked mob of coal miners comes aboard the Union Pacific train and demands Rankin give up his prisoner for a neck tie party ... a request Rankin refuses until he is temporarily put to sleep by a blow to his head and his charge is broken out of his traveling irons using an axe.  Ready to send "Big Nose" off on a fatal air dance (they hoist him aloft several times on "test runs" compliments of a nearby telegraph pole), the mob and outlaw come to an agreement that if "Big Nose" actually confesses to all of his assorted misdeeds, the masked men will release the outlaw back into Sheriff Rankin's custody ... and surprisingly, all parties to the agreement follow through and once more under Rankin's control (by this point an openly weeping "Big Nose" is a mess), the pair arrive in Rawlins on Sunday, August 8, 1880.
Front Street - Rawlins, Wyoming

Following through with his promise to the lynch mob, when "Big Nose" is arraigned in court the following Monday, he does officially plead guilty to murder, but only four days later he reneges on his promise to the mob and changes his plea to not guilty as he begins contemplating escaping custody.  The legal process now set in motion with a request to move the proceedings to a different locale (the request will be denied), a jury is impaneled on November 16, 1880 and the trial ends just two days later, with "Big Nose" changing his plea back to guilty after the jury hears testimony from a Union Pacific detective as to the robber's guilt, along with testimony about his train confession.  On December 15, 1880, "Big Nose" is found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to be "hanged by the neck until dead," a sentence to be carried out on April 2, 1881.  Parrott though has other plans and uses a pocket knife and a piece of sandstone he somehow procures on his cuffs (along with a mixture of soot and grease to cover up his tampering with his bonds).  Slowly grinding his way through the iron rivets of his leg shackles, the killer makes his break for freedom on the evening of March 22 as Sheriff Rankin makes a final inspection of his charge before retiring for the evening. Slipping out of his loosened irons as the sheriff briefly turns his back on the captive, "Big Nose" swings his heavy iron cuffs like a club and pummels his keeper about the head, fracturing the lawman's skull and severely injuring the lawman.  The blows and noise of the pair's brief fight though also alert the sheriff's waiting wife Rosa that there is trouble, and she intrepidly makes her way the few steps to the scene, grabs his husband's fallen revolver, and holds the murderer at bay until a few moments later help arrives. 
The Old Jail House

The news of the attempted escape spreads rapidly over the city and by 10:30 in the evening a mob of over 200 people (some masked and some not) is at the door of the jail to take Parrott to a "neck-tie" party in his honor at the corner of the town's Front and Third Streets.  There, a crying "Big Nose" has a noose put around his neck, and then with the rope flung over a convenient crossbar, is placed atop an empty kerosine barrel.  Seconds later the barrel is kicked out from under the outlaw, but instead of beginning his dangle dance, the rope breaks and "Big Nose" hits the ground.  But only briefly.  Yanked to his feet by the fuming lynch mob, the killer pleads to be shot, but the enraged mob quickly procures a heavier rope and a 12-foot ladder and with a new noose around his neck, forces Parrott to climb aloft before pushing the ladder away.  Though the rope doesn't break with the second attempt at hanging the miscreant, "Big Nose" continues to fight against his fate and is able to free his hands.  Clinging to the telegraph pole his noose is attached to, Parrott continues to plead with the mob, but to no avail and eventually the leg irons he is wearing weary him enough that he begins his final struggles and slowly strangles to death (his fight against finality is so violent that he leaves life sans the ears he loses struggling with the rope).  Left dangling for several hours, "Big Nose" is eventually cut down by the local undertaker, William Daley.
Rawlins Is The Guest Of Honor At A Neck-Tie Party

And the fun of taking out a bad guy doesn't end with the death of "Big Nose!"  With no one else available for the duty, two local doctors, John Eugene Osborne and Thomas Maghee take on the duty of declaring Parrott officially dead, and since no relatives of the deceased are around, take possession of the body to study it's "criminal brain."  And the study looking for "criminal abnormalities" in turn leads to parts of "Big Nose's" body being turned into ghoulish souvenirs of the occasion ... his head is loped off and the top of his skull is given to the men's 15-year-old medical assistant, Lillian Heath (the first Wyoming woman to become a physician), who over the next decades will use it as an ashtray, a pen holder, and a doorstop, lacking the destroyed ears of the hung killer, a plaster-of-Paris death mask is created, and large swaths of outlaw skin are removed from Parrott's chest and thighs, sent to a Denver tannery, and made into dress shoes and a medical bag (though upset that the shoemaker doesn't keep the nipples attached as he requested, Osborne nonetheless wears them for all the world to see at his inaugural ball when he becomes Wyoming's third governor on January 2, 1893).  Souvenirs created and disseminated, the rest of Parrott is chopped up, placed in a whiskey barrel filled with a saline solution, and eventually buried in the yard behind Dr. Maghee's office (forgotten for a time, "Big Nose" will be rediscovered in 1950 by construction workers making improvements on the Rawlins National Bank located on the town's Cedar Street ... the "Big Nose" skin shoes, bottom of his skull, and his earless death mask are now on "permanent" display at the Carbon County Museum, the top of his skull and the shackles the outlaw wore when executed can be seen at the Union Pacific Museum in Omaha, Nebraska, while the medicine bag of skin has now gone missing). 
John Eugene Osborne
Heath With The Top Of Big Nose's Skull
Rediscovery Of Pieces Of "Big Nose"
"Big Nose" As Shoes

Meanwhile ...

On March 20, 1871, north of the United States, George Sutherland Currie, is born to John and Nancy Ann "Macdonald" Currie in West Point, Prince Edward Island, Canada (the second of six children the family will have).  Seeking better times, the family will eventually transplant to Chadron, Nebraska, and seeking even better times, at around 15-years-old, George leaves home and begins his outlaw life by rustling cattle and horses, becoming quite proficient at the activity.  He also soon masters the related outlaw skills of drinking, gambling, and whoring, along with knife and gun skills as he wanders about the West.  Sadly though for the youth, while learning how to master his horse riding skills, George is kicked in the face by the mount he is trying to ride.  The physical injury that results will result in the youth from then on and forever more being known as "Flat Nose" Curry.
"Flat Nose" Before He Is Kicked In The Face

In 1883, "Flat Nose" is in Texas, where he first makes contact with another wild youth (and his three brothers, Hank, Johnny, and Lonie), future Wild Bunch legend, Harvey Alexander Logan.  Hired to break horses and cattle on the extensive Cross L Ranch near the small town of Rising Star in Eastland County, the two youths form an immediate and easy bond as Curry tells Logan of his wild adventures, so much so that Harvey and then his brothers begin using the "Curry" moniker.  Still footloose and looking for more action though than can be found on a ranch, Flat Nose eventually rides off.  Working more "cow punching" jobs, "Flat Nose" eventually shows up in Utah, where he manages to get a reputation as a yet uncaught cattle rustler.  He is not in Utah for long though and soon flees to the wilds of Wyoming's "Hole-In-The-Wall" outlaw country.  In the wilds of northern Wyoming's Big Horn Mountains, behind a 25-mile-long escarpment of high red sandstone called "The Red Wall," "Flat Nose" sets up shop in a series of log cabins along the banks of a wet known as Buffalo Creek.  There, the outlaw grazes the horses and cattle he steals, plays host to other outlaws in the area, and plans out his next crimes in relative safety.  Reunited with the Logan Brothers in early 1895 after Harvey kills Powell "Pike" Landusky in a drunken barroom brawl (in a small Montana town of Landusky where all the participants live, a town that had been founded by the loser of the fight, "Pike") that escalates from a fist fight into a shooting on December 27, 1894 that forces the winning brothers to flee the state.  Reunited with their old friend "Flat Nose," the outlaws soon are planning their first robbery together ... a hit on the Butte County Bank of Belle Fourche, South Dakota.
Hole-In-The-Rock Country
Left To Right - The Logan Brothers -
John, Harvey, And Lonie

On June 28, 1897, an outlaw band consisting of Havey Logan, "Flat Nose" George, Walt Punteney, and Tom "Peep" O'Day hit Belle Fourche's bank seeking $30,000 in cattle money they believe the establishment is holding.  The robbery is a fiasco from start to finish with O'Day getting so drunk that he can't hold on to his getaway mount, attempts to ride an old mule out of town, and then hides in an outhouse until he is arrested and locked up in the very bank he was trying to rob (he will later be acquitted of robbing the bank, lives out his life as the town character of Deadwood, South Dakota, and dies at the age of 68), while the rest of the gang, carrying booty that amounts to a meager $87, are able to clear the region by keeping a following posse at bay with the rifles they had cached earlier and a retreat over a series of hidden trails in the area's Big Hole Basin.  Eventually making it into Montana, the outlaws are in the process of planning a robbery in the town of Red Lodge, when they are found by a posse led by Sheriff John Dunn near Lavina, Montana.  A win for the posse, in the gun play that comes with the outlaws' discovery, Logan is shot through the wrist, his horse is killed, and so the suddenly surrounded outlaws decide to surrender and are hauled all the way back to Deadwood.  Though confined in a cage inside the jail, when John "Lank" Forbes enters the cell area to give the prisoners dinner, caught off guard as Logan pretends to be sick, he is quickly overpowered by all three men (outside, the town is enjoying Halloween festivities), choked into silence, his two revolvers grabbed and locked in the cell with his own keys.  The escapees then arm themselves with their own weapons, grab more firepower and ammo, then flee the area.  Despite the confusion of Halloween celebrations taking place, the group of escapees is spotted and a gun battle ensues in which the escapees wound several citizens before managing to steal horses and supplies and flee into the mountains while yelling taunts at Deadwood's citizens.  Taking up the challenge, over 200 citizens purse the three men into the South Dakota Badlands and then into Montana.  Cornered in the Bearpaw Mountains, the outlaws get away by abandoning their horses and supplies, and fleeing into the area's mountain wilderness on foot where they are able to elude capture (on the way back to Wyoming, the outlaws rob two post offices to acquire cash and supplies) and by the end of November, make it back to their Hole-in-the-Wall hideout..  Safe back in the wilds of Wyoming, before the year is out "Flat Nose" George and the Logan brothers all agree to a merger with the outlaws riding with Cassidy and what will be known as the "Wild Bunch" is born.
The Inept O'Day
The Bearpaw Mountains Of Montana

Safe once more within Hole-in-the Wall the outlaws transition away from petty crimes and stealing cattle, and under the leadership of Cassidy and Logan, become the Hole-in-the-Wall Gang, or more simply, The Wild Bunch.  Shifting from stealing cattle, selling whiskey, and petty thievery into a formidable band of robbers and gunmen, the brigands step into new territory when on June 2, 1899, they hit the westbound Union Pacific Overland Flyer No. 1 near Wilcox, Wyoming at about 2:15 in the morning.  Though Butch Cassidy helps plan the job, because of a promise made to the governor of Wyoming while he is behind bars seeking a parole, the Wild Bunch outlaw does not physically participate in the job.  Instead, a group consisting of "Flat Nose" George Curry, Harvey Logan (Kid Curry), Harry Longabaugh (The Sundance Kid), Will Carver, Ben "The Tall Texan" Kilpatrick, and Elzy Lay assault the train, with "Flat Nose" George overseeing the gang's on-site activities.  During the robbery (it begins in the wee hours of a cold and rainy Friday) the train is stopped by two masked men with red, warning signal lanterns (believed to be Curry and Logan) that flag down Engineer William "Grindstone" Jones, who fearing the bridge ahead has been washed out in the storm, brings the locomotive to a screeching stop as it approaches a wooden bridge at milepost 609.  Before he can get off the train to make an inspection of the tracks, he is accosted by two masked men  Under the duress of being pummeled by pistols, Engineer William "Grindstone" Jones (assisted by a railroad fireman named Dietrick) uncouples the passenger cars from the locomotive and express car, then moves the front section (not fast enough for one of the masked men though who clubs the engineer with the butt of his gun for not moving faster) of the train over the wooden bridge that the outlaws then blow up with dynamite and the next phase of the heist begins two miles further up the line.  Stopped once more, there is immediate trouble when Charles E.C. Woodcock, the Pacific Express Company messenger, refuses the order of the bandits to admit them to the express car.  Not a tolerant man when it comes to inconvenience, Harvey Logan reacts to the refusal by setting off a dynamite charge against the door of the express car ... which damages the car and comes close to killing Woodcock.  Awakening moments later with a monstrous headache and extremely groggy, the messenger claims to have "forgotten" the combination, so the bandits decide to blow the safe open themselves using an even bigger dose of dynamite on the armored box.  Everyone retreating to a safe distance, the explosives are set off and pulverize the car, buckling its floor, blowing out its sides and roof, and scattering thousands of dollars in banknotes about the prairie surrounding the train, many stained with red raspberry juice from a consignment of fruit that was also being carried in the express car.  When the outlaws finally ride off it is roughly 4:15 in the morning, and they carry away booty in the amount of between $30,000 and $60,000 (roughly 1.8 million dollars by today's standards), several bags of gold coins, bullion, and silver, four high-quality American Elgin pocket watches, 19 scarf pins, 29 pairs of gold-plated cufflinks, and roughly $10,000 in diamonds.     
The Wrecked Mail Car
Inside Looking Out
The Wilcox Robbery - 6/2/1899

Leaving the area, the outlaws split into two groups to make their tracking more difficult as they head back towards Hole-in-the-Wall country using horse relays, paths picked to wear down pursuing posses, and the natural hiding grounds of an extremely raw area of the Bitter Creek Mountains called "The Haystacks."  Despite everything though, as if reading the minds of the bandits, a small posse of seven out of Casper, led by the man known as the "Sunny Sheriff," 44-year-old Converse County Sheriff Josiah "Joe" Hazen (also in the posse are Dr. J.F. Leeper, Natrona County Sheriff Oscar Hiestand, Deputy Samuel Jenkins, Grand County, Utah Sheriff Jesse Tyler, and Deputies Robert Saylor and William Dinwiddie) is soon on the trail of Logan, Curry, and The Sundance Kid in a deep ravine near the present-day town of Kaycee, Wyoming.  Finding a trail of fresh boot tracks in the dirt, Hazen calls out, "Here they are, boys.  Right in Here!" and is instantly rewarded by a rifle round hitting him in the stomach, passing through his liver (thought to have been fired by Harvey Logan), and exiting near the lawman's spine.  General firing breaks out, and since the outlaws are using smokeless powder and are better marksmen, it is advantage bandits and the three gunmen eventually sneak out of the ravine while the posse is tending to Hazen, who eventually is brought back to Casper by wagon, and then transported to his ranch in Douglas, Wyoming, where he dies on June 5, 1899.  At the time, he will have the largest funeral in Wyoming history (the ceremony effectively shuts down the town for the day), a goodbye attended by thousands that includes the Union Pacific running special trains from Cheyenne and Casper just for the event, attendance by high-ranked officials in the state government that include Governor DeForest Richards, members of regional Masonic lodges from multiple cities, and a host of representatives from major ranching communities.  There will also be rewards on the head of the killers that total $18,000 ($680,000 today) for the men involved in the Wilcox robbery and Hazen's murder (a third from the Union Pacific Railroad, a third from the Pacific Express Company, and a third from the United States Government). 
Hazen
Funeral Procession

Relatively safe back in the Hole-in-the-Wall country, as individuals, the gang decides Montana and Wyoming are becoming to hot and the Wild Bunch shifts operations to Utah, Arizona, and Texas.  In the Robber's Roost Area of southeastern Utah, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid will spend a significant amount of time working on ranches and planning their next escapades, William Ellsworth "Elzy" Lay will bring his criminal talents to New Mexico where he operates as a member of the Ketchum Gang (a kind of Wild Bunch South that along with Sam and "Blackjack" Tom Ketchum, will at one time or another also welcome into its ranks its ranks Will "News" Carver, Ben "The Tall Texan" Kilpatrick, and Harvey "Kid Curry" Logan) before being sent away to the New Mexico Territorial Prison (sentenced to life for murder and train robbery, he will be out in 1906 for helping quell a prison riot and then later as a trustee, negotiating the freedom of the warden's captured wife and daughter).  And as to "Kid Curry," Harvey Logan will spend time with the men that rob a train near Folsom, Arizona, engages in the 1899 Turkey Creek Shootout that results in Sam Ketchum's death and the deaths of two lawmen, cowboys for the WS Ranch in Alma, New Mexico, and spends time riding the range under various alias' in Texas.  And not wanting to be too far away from his friends when they determine what train or bank they will rob next, "Flat Nose" George soon drifts south too.  
Elzy Lay Is Shot At Turkey Creek
The "Blackjack" Hanging
Headless Ketchum After His Botched Hanging

His first stop in his southern relocation is to visit the Browns Park ranch (in what is now Dinosaur National Monument in the northeastern part of Uintah County, Utah) of the Bassett Family, Herb & Elizabeth Bassett and their daughters, 25-year-old Josie (romances with Wild Bunch members Elza Lay and Will Carver) and 21-year-old Ann (the amour of Butch Cassidy himself).  After a short visit there, he next moves on to Grand County, Utah, where he finds work punching cattle for the Webster City Cattle Company (also known as the Webster City Outfit), where he uses his skills as a cowboy to brand cattle and handle livestock for the outfit in the rugged Thompson Springs and Moab areas of the state.  Though he handles the work well, the job soon triggers his larcenous nature and he is soon cattle rustling once more, using his ranch work as a cover for stealing livestock from ranches in the area ... but not for long.  Unhappy that their livestock is being pilfered, in April of 1900, the cattlemen of the area contact the authorities, and when word is received that a rustler has been spotted boldly changing brands near Rattlesnake Creek (the rustler also points his pistol at John "Peg-Leg" Wilson, manager of the Webster City Cattle Company, and tells the rancher to "scat" ... and scat he does, riding 30 miles to the nearest telegraph located at the Thompson Springs railroad station to send out word that criminal activity is taking place in the area).  Notified in Moab, Utah of the blatant rustling going on in the region, two lawmen are sent out to look into the matter, 43-year-old Grand County Sheriff Jesse "Honest Jack" Tyler, and acting as his deputy, 46-year-old Uintah County Sheriff Thomas William Preece. 

Tyler & Preece

Riding to the area (a remote drainage in eastern Utah where Rattlesnake Creek meets the Green River, located in the Book Cliffs, the longest continuous escarpment in the world) where Wilson had his confrontation with a rustler the day before, on April 17, the lawmen surprise "Flat Nose" as the outlaw is in the process of making changes to the brands on the cattle he has rustled, and they are not men that can just be verbally scared away.  Mounted and in the process of spurring his horse away while also firing his rifle at the lawmen, just short of the river, "Flat Nose" is dropped by a single fatal rifle round sent his way by Tyler that hits the bandit in the temple above his left eye, knocking the bandit out of the saddle and killing him instantly.  Dead before he hits the ground, the fallen crook is ar first thought to be a local rustler named Tom Dilly, but when the lawmen arrive at the corpse they quickly realize they have killed a core member of the Hole-in-the-Wall gang, outlaw George "Flat Nose" Curry (his family actually spells it Currie).  After policing the body for stolen valuables, Curry's corpse is buried nearby in a shallow grave and the lawmen then make a 50-mile ride back over the area's rugged terrain of mountain desert to report their accomplishment to the nearest authorities in the town of Moab, Utah.  The dead outlaw remains there until later in the year when his father gets the news of his son's death and arrives from Nebraska to take George home for burial ... a process that involves locating his gravesite in the Utah wilds, digging George up and then transporting the body to Moab, sealing the corpse in a special metal "shipping" casket, before sending him on by way of the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad to his family's homestead in Chadron, Nebraska, a journey of roughly 700 miles.  In Nebraska, the outlaw is buried at the town's Greenwood Cemetery under a tombstone (Plot Blk 4, Lot 21, Sp7) that reads simply: GEORGE S. CURRIE 1871 - 1900 (the "S" stands for Sutherland and comes from his mother's maiden name, Nancy Sutherland).  Still a member of the Chadron dead, when his head is holed by Tyler, the badman is only 29-years-old.  
"Flat Nose" In Death

Normally that would be the end of George's story, but there is nothing normal about riding with a band of desperadoes like the outlaws led by Robert LeRoy Parker (aka Butch Cassidy), or mentoring, lending your name, and becoming the best friend of a stone-cold killer like Harvey Alexander Logan (aka Kid Curry), nothing normal at all.  As 1899 bleeds into 1900, Logan is in the midst of a period of time that will see him letting his rage totally dominate his actions as he becomes the most dangerous man in the outlaw band:
*Participates with Samuel "Sam" Wesley Ketchum (the older brother of the notorious outlaw Tom "Black Jack" Ketchum), William Ellsworth "Elzy" Lay, and William "News" Carver in robbing the No. 1 "Overland Flyer of the Colorado and Southern Railroad of between $30,000 and $70,000 near Folsom, New Mexico on July 11, 1899.
*Engages a seven-man posse led by 31-year-old Sheriff Edward J. Farr of Huerfano County in a gun battle at Turkey Creek Canyon, New Mexico on July 16, 1899 that results in Sheriff Farr being killed by a high-powdered bullet fired by outlaw Elzy Lay that pierces the tree the lawman is hiding behind, Deputy Henry Love being mortally wounded by a rifle round fired by bandit Will Carver (he dies from the infection in his wound four days later), 45-year-old Sam Ketchum being mortally wounded in left arm and side by a rounds fired by Deputy James H. Morgan (Ketchum dies from gangrene at the New Mexico Territorial Prison in Santa Fe on July 24, 1899), and Elzy Lay is wounded in his chest and shoulder, but is able to ride out of the canyon, soon captured in Carlsbad, New Mexico about a month later (he will be sentenced to life in prison, but will be pardoned after only seven years behind bars by Governor Miguel Antonio Otero for saving the wife and daughter of the prison's warden during a botched 1906 escape attempt).  Only Logan and Carver manage to escape.
*On February 28, 1900, Logan's brother Lonny is killed by law enforcement agents on the farm of his aunt in Dodson, Missouri, while on the same day in Cripple Creek, Colorado, his cousin Bob Lee, while dealing poker at the casino he works for, is arrested for rustling and passing stolen bank notes, incensing Harvey when he gets the news.
*Still in a very foul mood over the killing of his brother and the arrest of his cousin, when Logan discovers two novice lawmen following his, and the tracks of the four men he is riding with (Will Carver, Ben Kilpatrick, Tom Capehart, and Thomas C. "Tod" Carter), through the wilds outside of St. Johns, Arizona, he sets up an ambush against the neophyte debuties (believing they are following the trail of another batch of lawmen while actually on the track of Logan and two other Wild Bunch murderers are 19-year-old Deputy Frank LeSueur and 26-year-old Deputy Andrew "Gus" Gibbons) as the men ride up a rocky bluff.  Overkill to send a message to other lawmen in the area, Gibbons is struck at least three times in the head and has a number of additional wounds to his torso, while LeSueur takes at least three mortal wounds of his own, one to his back, one that hits a leg artery, and one that hits the lawman right between the eyes.  Following the murders, Logan and Carver flee into the rugged Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona    
*Four days later, Logan and Carver are at it again!  Working as a stock detective for the Grant County Cattleman's Association in the Spring of 1900 is one of the most famous lawmen in the west, 40-year-old George Scarborough, the man who killed the man who killed the infamous gunfighter, John Wesley Hardin in 1895.  Working with Scarborough is 29-year-old Triangle Ranch manager Walter Birchfield.  Seeking rustlers that have recently taken Triangle Ranch cattle, the pair follow the trail of the rustlers they believe to be the culprits into an area of steep rocky walls and dense brush known as Triangle Canyon.  In the late afternoon, the lawmen and outlaws clash, and in one exchange of fire, Scarborough has his right leg fractured by a rifle bullet that hits him in the thigh from 350 yards away.  Despite having his shoulder holed, being struck by ricochets that cause minor wounds to his arms and head, and suffering from additional damage being done to his body by flying rock splinters, Birchfield is able to crawl to Scarborough, built a rock barricade around him that shields both men from more bullet damage, and then in the darkness of the night, leaving his wounded partner with water and a rifle, slips away to ride 20 miles for help at the San Simon train station located in Cochise County, Arizona, near the New Mexican border.  Finally returned by train to his home in Deming, New Mexico and immediately operated on, there is no hope for the lawman and on Thursday, April 5, 1900, too much damage done to his weakened system, despite having his right leg amputated just above the knee, blood loss and infection take the lawman at the age of 40 (he will be survived by his wife of 23 years, Mary Frances  McMahan, five daughters and two sons, his mother Martha, and eight siblings), while Birchfield, as a respected cattleman, will live until 1941, and the ripe old age of 70.                        
Sheriff Farr
 
Gibbons & LeSueur
Scarborough

Tracked by a posse lead by legendary lawman John Horton "Texas John" Slaughter, the outlaws escape retribution for the various killings by slipping over the border into Mexico, but they don't stay there long and by the beginning of May the men are back in the United States when they find out about the death of Logan's mentor and friend, George Curry (and that his killer was Sheriff Tyler).  Absolutely livid at the news, instead of continuing on to refuge at one of the gang's New Mexico hideouts, Logan, with Bill Carver in tow, immediately changes his plans and heads north into Utah, targeting the wilds around the town of Moab, where he knows Tyler will be operating.  Setting up their lethal trap in the Hill Creek area of the rugged Book Cliffs, knowing the way the lawmen operate, the outlaws rustle cattle and horses in the Grand County region and then "accidentally" on purpose leave an easy to follow trail of tracks and abandoned gear that leads into the area Logan has chosen for his ambush,  Sure enough, on May 26, 1900, Sheriff Tyler and 46-year-old Deputy Samuel Jenkins break away from the posse they are with that is probing the region and enter the kill zone they have been lured into that appears to be a hastily setup camp with a tent, the remains of a nearby fire still glowing, and an assortment of camp supplies scattered about (in a raw area about 20 miles north of Thompson Springs).  Positioned above the various clues and hidden from view, when the lawmen enter the area, without warning the two waiting outlaws open up on their pair of human targets with their high-powered Winchester rifles.  The murders take only seconds to achieve and the lawmen die without getting a single shot off or even knowing they are under attack.  After the killings, both outlaws split up with Logan fleeing to the Robber's Roost country of southeastern Utah, then reuniting with Cassidy in the bandit country of Brown's Park (a 30-mile-long valley enclosed by steep mountains, accessible by only a few narrow trails perfect for ambushes that stretched over a wilderness locale where Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming all come together) to plan the next Wild Bunch robbery, while Carver heads south into New Mexico and then on to his home state of Texas, before joining the gang again before he, Butch Cassidy, Harvey Logan, Ben Kilpatrick, the Sundance Kid, and William "Bill" Cruzan (all masked up) travel 50 miles to the west of Rawlins, Wyoming, and stage their next Wild Bunch robbery, taking around $55,000 in gold and banknotes off the Union Pacific's #3 train near Tipton, Wyoming on the evening of August 29, 1900.
Another Ruined Car - Tipton, 1900

Flat Nose's two avengers don't last much longer themselves, and there will be no one seeking revenge for either of their deaths.  Foolishly buying supplies after 9:00 p.m. in the Texas town of Sonora they plan on soon robbing (with Harvey Logan and Ben Kilpatrick), on the evening of April 2, 1901, 32-year-old Will "News" Carver and the younger brother of Ben "The Tall Texan" Kilpatrick, George, are buying supplies in the Jack Owens Bakery when they are confronted by Sheriff Lije Briant and a group of local citizens who have noticed the two heavily armed strangers wandering about town.  Told to throw up their hands and surrender, Carver goes for his gun instead, but has the weapon catch in his suspenders as the small posse opens up on both would-be felons.  No match for a group of citizens protecting their town, Carver, the Wild Bunch killer, goes down as a result of seven bullet hits, while George Kilpatrick falls to the floor after being struck five times (hearing the gunfire, Ben Kilpatrick and Harvey Logan quietly slip out of their own town walk).  The wounded men are then taken to the courthouse and stretched out on the floor.  Carver never gets up, but does have a few final words for whomever is interested, stating "Die game, boys!"  He will be buried in the local cemetery under a tombstone that simply reads "April 2, 1901" that his sister pays for using money that comes from the purchase of Carver's meager belongings, the outlaw's guns, horse, and saddle.  Meanwhile, surprising everyone in town, 33-year-old Ben Kilpatrick survives his wounds, and since he never drew his gun and fired on anything, he eventually is let go by the authorities and simply rides out of town (scared straight by his Sonora close call, he eventually dies in 1940 as an honest citizen).  The other killer of Sheriff Tyler, Harvey Logan, goes on to more robberies and killings before leaving himself in 1904.  After robbing a train two days before (a Denver and Rio Grande express bound for San Francisco outside of Parachute, Colorado) with two other men (they are never officially identified) using the alias of Tap Duncan, Logan is hit (while exchanging fire with local 26-year-old rancher Roll Gardner, before going down though, the outlaw, spraying rifle fire at the posse, kills the mounts of Gardner and 29-year-old rancher Joe Dobey, and also nicks the cheek of brand inspector and posse member Elmer Chapman) by a .38-55 caliber round from Gardner's Winchester rifle that hits the bandit in the left arm, travels across his chest, shattering the outlaw's breastbone and breaking two of his ribs, before finally coming out the killer's right arm.  Brought down by the single hit, one of Logan's partner's will yell over to him, "Are you hurt, Sam? (other members of the posse will hear the name "Tom" used), to which the outlaw calls out "Don't wait for me.  I'm all in and might as well end it right here."  Which the outlaw does as he draws his revolver and fires a single .45 round into his own head (as directed, the other two bandits will vanish).  Though there will be rumores around the West for years that the suicide victim isn't Logan, the dead man is indeed the infamous Wild Bunch killer who dies at the age of 37.  He is buried in the Potter's Field section of the Linwood Cemetery in Glenwood Springs, Colorado.                                    
Carver
Firing At Logan
Logan








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Saturday, August 23, 2025

DEATH FINDS RUDOLFO PIETRO FILIBERTO RAFFAELLO GUGLIELMI DI VALENTINA D'ANTONGUOLIA - 8/23/1926

FOR THE STILL LOVED MOVIE MAN OF THE BOBINETTE CLAN, "HIGH-HO" JAY-JO MCFADDEN ... YOU REMAIN MISSED ... SAY HI TO GROUCHO AND THE REST OF YOUR FILM FRIENDS AND TELL THEM GUY AND I SAY HI!

8/23/1926 - Temporary madness seemingly grips a major portion of the world's population when at the height of his silent film career, a bout of peritonitis brought on by stomach surgery in a New York City hospital takes the life of the 31-year-old film lothario known as "The Latin Lover," Rudolph Valentino.

Valentino

The boy that grows up to be one of the world's first movie stars is born in Castellaneta, Apulia, Italy    on May 6, 1895 to Giovanni Antonio Giuseppe Fedele Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguelia of Martinia Franca, Apulia (a former captain of cavalry in the Italian Army and later a veterinarian with a degree from the University of Naples who dies when his son is only 11), and his wife, Marie Berthe Gabrielle Barbin (a French woman of Torinese ancestry born in the Franche-Comte town of Lure in 1856 that goes on to become a lady-in-waiting for the region's local marquess before marrying Giovanni ... she dies in France on January 10, 1918 at the age of 61 before her youngest son becomes a world-famous screen actor).  Besides his mother and father, the youngster's family will consist of an older brother named Alberto (1892-1981), a younger sister named Maria (1897-1969), along with a sister he will never know named Grazia that dies after only 14 months of life after coming down with diphtheria.

Mom And Dad

As a youngster, Valentino will cause a modicum of turmoil between his middle class mother and father (who are well enough off that their household includes a cook and a wet nurse).  Like many children before and after, his mother will indulge the lad due to his good looks and playful personality, passing on her love of reading, French poetry, and philosophy, while his father sees his son as a bit of a fop in need of discipline.  During this period of time the youth will be nicknamed "Mercury" (the Roman God associated with commerce, travel, trickery, eloquence, and fertility, along with guiding deceased souls to the underworld and quickly distributing to mortals, messages from the Gods) for his tendencies to be energetic, mischievous, hyperactive, and a bit of a dreamer.  Despite their sometime disagreements about how their youngest son should be raised, Valentino grows up in a loving home that is shattered when his father dies in 1906 of malaria while trying to find a cure for the disease.  As an adolescent, the youngster loses interest in formal school and pursues an agricultural education, earning his certificate in the subject from the Marsano Agricultural School in Genoa, Italy.  But he quickly loses interest in a life in that arena of endeavor too, and heads off to Paris, France in search of what to do next.  The City of Lights however is only lit for the youth for a short three months and when he runs out of money he is forced to write his mother requesting additional funds.  When the money arrives, Valentino is dissatisfied with the amount and attempts to increase its total by gambling it on the gaming tables of Monte Carlo ... a disaster that sees the youth losing everything (325 pounds) in a little over two hours at the tables.  Forced to return to Italy, he continues to struggle until with the prompting of his mother he makes the monumental decision to seek his future in the United States of America.  He arrives at Ellis Island just before Christmas of 1913 at the age of 18.
As A Boy
Still A Pup
The Teenager

In New York, the Italian at first struggles mightily, taking work as a dishwasher, waiter, gardener, and busboy.  When those jobs aren't available he lives and sleeps on the streets of "The Big Apple" and sometimes calls New York City's Central Park his home.  Almost ready to call it quits (he is let go by Murray's on 42nd Street for spending too much time entertaining the restaurant's kitchen staff and not enough time busing tables) and head back to Italy, his fortunes start to turn when he puts his good looks and athletic skills to use and begins finding work as a dancer in the city's many dance halls and cabarets, becoming a hit with many of New York's wealthy female patrons.  Luck turning finally, specializing in the Argentine tango, Valentino becomes a very in demand taxi dancer and instructor at Manhattan's trendiest nightclub, Maxim's Restaurant-Cabaret (he also gives private dance lessons there in an upper room that has it's own Victrola phonograph).  His springboard to success dancing the tango, in 1914, Valentino is hired by restaurateur Joe Pani to tango with fellow hoofer Joan Sawyer (born Bessie Josephine Morrison in October of 1887) for $50 week, work that opens even more doors in New York City for the young man.  Now springboarding from success to success, in 1915 the young dancer is paired with celebrity dancer Bonnie Glass (born Helen Roche in 1895) and begins to be noticed even more (their successful  partnership.though ends in February of 1916 when Glass ends her performing career to marry society painter Ben Ali Haggan).
Maxim's
Glass

There is also major scandal in Valentino's life in 1916 when he becomes involved in the tempestuous divorce of Chilean heiress Blanca de Saulles, and her husband, John de Saulles (the couple have one son).  The Mrs., a friend and fan of Valentino's, has the dancer testify on her behalf at her divorce trial, supporting her claims of her husband's infidelity, and stoking the Mister's wrath.  Divorce from her husband granted, de Saulles uses his political connections to get a little payback against the dancer for his testimony, and on September 15, 1916, Valentino is arrested on trumped up vice charges, and spends a few days in jail before posting bail of $1,500 (down from an original demand for $10,000) to get his freedom back.  The following year, the divorced couple get in a fight over custody of their child, and John loses their argument permanently when Blanca pulls a revolver and puts a fatal bullet in her ex-husband's head.  Already suffering employment issues over his involvement in the couple's divorce and his subsequent arrest, rather then becoming involved in a fresh round of scandal, the dancer decides to leave New York and joins a traveling musical called "The Masked Model" ... a show that gets him to Utah, and there, Valentino becomes a member of the huge cast (over 200 people) of Al Jolson's traveling musical-comedy, "Robinson Crusoe, Jr.," which in turn gets the young hoofer to Los Angeles, California.  
de Saulles
Joson In Robinson Crusoe, Jr.

In Los Angeles, Valentino dances, teaches dance, and takes any dance roles on stage or that are offered by the town's young film industry.  Chasing jobs still, by the autumn of 1917 he is in San Francisco acting in a bit part in a theatrical production of "Nobody Home."  Always on the lookout for the next opportunity or person that can help his career, in the City by the Bay he connects with actor Norman Kerry, a friend from New York City, who convinces the young man to give acting in movies a chance (the actor also pays for Valentino's ride south, becomes his roommate for awhile when the pair set up shop at the Alexandria Hotel in Los Angeles, and eventually will introduce the hoofer in 1920 to another dancer to partner with, Bonnie Glass (and Kerry becomes a star himself, with his most famous roles, coming opposite Lon Chaney as Phoebus de Chateaupers in "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," as Vicomte Raoul de Chagny in the "Phantom of the Opera," and as Malabar the Mighty in "The Unknown"). Continuing to dance, back in Los Angeles, Valentino begins taking acting roles (where he will mostly be cast as the "heavy" of the film, playing the movie's bad guy because of his swarthy "Italian" look): in 1918 he is in three movies, "A Society Sensation," "All Night," and "The Married Virgin," in 1919 he is in seven films, "The Delicious Little Devil," "The Big Little Person," "A Rogue's Romance," "The Homebreaker," "Virtuous Sinners," "Out of Luck/Nobody Home, and "Eyes of Youth," and in 1920 he is in six more movies, "Stolen Moments," "An Adventuress," "The Cheater," "Passion's Playground," "Once to Every Woman," and "The Wonderful Chance" (sadly most of these films are now considered lost).  For a time he also tries to fight with the Allied Powers during WWI, but is rejected by the Italians, Canadians, British, and American services for a slight defect to the vision of his left eye. 
1918 Valentino Movie Poster
Lon Chaney, Norman Kerry, And Mary Philbin
In The Phantom Of The Opera      

As if he is starring in his own Hollywood drama, in 1919 Valentino also becomes involved in a strange romance with bisexual actress Jean Acker (the actress will later become involved with a group of Hollywood bisexual and lesbian actresses called "The Sewing Circle" and will have affairs with Alla Nazimova, Grace Darmond, and former Ziegfeld Follies girl, Chloe Carter, along with relationships with a trio of males; Spanish marquis, Luis de Bezan y Sandovar, Egyptian magician, Fakir Rahman Bey, and married politician, William Delahanty).  The two meet at a Hollywood party (at the time Acker is in a relationship) and become smitten with each other and after a whirlwind courtship, marry impulsively on November 6, 1919, but the actress immediately comes down with a case of "cold feet" and locks Valentino out of the couple's honeymoon suite at the Hollywood Hotel.  Twenty minutes of banging on the locked door of the room the couple has taken at the hotel fails to gain the new husband access to his bride, and eventually Valentino just gives up and goes home.  Marriage over without any consummation (years later Acker will claim that she acted as she did after discovering her new husband was suffering from a bad case of gonorrhea, a claim that is never proven and is immediately disputed by the actor when he hears of the calumny), the couple separates immediately though they fail to fully divorce until March 4th of 1923, with Mrs. Valentino somehow managing to convince a jury that she has been deserted by her husband (for her troubles she receives a one time alimony payment of $12,000 from the actor).  Incredibly, the couple reconcile and form a friendship with each other in 1926 and Acker will be one of the last persons to see the actor alive, and she will attend his funeral).
Acker

Nazimova & Daemond

Incredibly, despite the failure of his first marriage, Valentino marries for a second time in May of 1922, hitching up with Natacha Rambova (real name Winifred Kimball Shaughnessy from Salt Lake City, Utah), a costume designer, set designer, and sometime actress that had formerly been a dancer for Russian ballet chorographer Theodore Kosloff in New York City.  The pair meet in 1921 on the set of the Nazimova film "Uncharted Seas" and sparks immediately fly between the two and they marry in Mexico in 1922.  Unfortunately though for Valentino, when he marries Rambova he is still officially married to Acker.  The legal troubles put Valentino in a California jail on two counts of bigamy ... one for marrying again before his divorce is finalized and a second count for cohabiting with Rambova while still in California's interlocutory period of one year expired (not amused, Valentino's studio at the time, Famous Players-Lasky refuses to bail him out of jail and a group of his friends have to bail their buddy out of jail), and as a result, his marriage to Rambova is annulled and the pair are forced to live separately for a year.  Luckily for Valentino, the judge on the case eventually dismisses the charges against the actor for insufficient evidence that the second marriage had ever been consummated.  Eventually though his divorce from his first wife becomes final and he is able to marry Rambova in Crown Point, Indiana (a popular spot for quick marriages) on March 14, 1923.  Sadly this second marriage will also end poorly.  Bonding at first over mutual interests in art, poetry, and spiritualism, Rambova designs her husband's costumes for two movies ("The Young Rajah" and "Monsieur Beaucaire") and influences his attire off screen too, which the public and United Artists (the studio will eventually put a clause in his contract banning his wife being on the sets of his films) don't appreciate, claiming he often appears too feminine.  Eventually their relationship falls apart over Valentino wanting a traditional marriage with his wife becoming a homemaker and mother, while Rambova wants to continue her Hollywood career and isn't interested in having children at all.  As the stresses between the two grow into public fights and Rambova having an affair with cinematographer Joseph Devereaux Jennings (a founding member of the American Society of Cinematographers and a veteran of film work with Thomas Ince and Buster Keaton before he transitions to sound movies), eventually causing the married couple to separate in 1925, and then divorce the following year.
Rambova
Once Upon Happy - Rambova And Valentino

While Valentino is failing with his two unsuccessful marriages, he is succeeding beyond his wildest dreams as a silent film actor.  In 1919 he has a small part (he is on the screen for about ten minutes) in a film called "Eyes of Youth" in which he plays Clarence Morgan, a reprehensible character that is described as a "cabaret parasite" ... a role that grabs the attention of Metro/MGM screenwriter and studio executive June Mathis, who is working on a script she thinks Valentino would be perfect in, playing Julio Desnoyers, a young man whose character arc goes from a dancing playboy to an heroic soldier that dies in no-mans land from a shell strike alongside his German cousin.  The movie is called "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" and there is immediately trouble between Mathis, studio executives, and producer/director Rex Ingram over casting Valentino in the pivotal role of Julio ... arguments about Valentino's "Latin" appearance, the actor's lack of experience, and the director doubting the actor's abilities to pull off the role (during filming the director and actor will clash repeatedly, with Valentino considering challenging Ingram to a duel and Ingram threatening to replace the young actor with one of the extras on the movie).  Mathis however never wavers in her faith that Valentino will be perfect for the film, and her conviction eventually wins out ... and proves correct. Premiering in New York City on March 6, 1921, the movie is an immediate hit with film critics (it will be favorably compared to "The Birth of a Nation" and will be one of the first six movies to have box offices of over a million dollars on their opening runs: #1 - "The Birth of a Nation" at $10 million, #2 - "The Big Parade" at $6.4 million, #3 - "Ben-Hur" at 5.5 million, #4 - "The Kid" at 5.45 million, #5 - "Way Down East" at $5 million, and #6 - "The Four Horseman of the Apocalypse" at $4.5 million) and a public that immediately falls in love with Valentino's performance (especially his tango performance opposite Hispanic actress and dancer Beatrice Domingues which vaults the actor to stardom and starts a nationwide dance craze in the United States) and makes him a huge star (though his salary of $350 a week is far below the salaries of the other principles).
On The Set - Valentino, Mathis, And Ingram
Standing Over Pomeroy Cannon
Star Making Tango

Suddenly a film star of the highest magnitude, Valentino will appear in four more movies in 1921, scoring another major hit with "The Sheik" (a film that makes over a million dollars in box office returns), in which he plays Sheik Ahmed Ben Hassan, an orphan with British and Spanish blood who has been brought up in the desert by the old Sheik that rescues him from death when he is just a nubbin, along with appearing with his friend, Alla Nazimova (along with appearing as the lead character, the actress also produces the piece) in a bit of romantic gobble-de-gook called "Camille" based on the writings of the legendary French author, Alexandre Dumas.  The year also sees the actor leave MGM and begin working for Jesse L. Lasky at the studio he is running, a forerunner of Paramount Pictures, Famous Players-Lasky (though it is not released until 1922, his first year as a star also sees Valentino appear with Gloria Swanson in a flop called "Beyond the Rocks," which Photoplay magazine calls the film "a little unreal and hectic.").  Five movies released in the year and Valentino is suddenly one of the biggest movie stars to ever work in Hollywood.
Another Hit
I Wonder What He's Thinking?

In 1922, the new star (he will be known as "The Latin Lover," "The Great Lover," "The Sheik," or simply "Valentino," or just "Rudy") will appear in four more movies and score another monster hit, this time in a film about a doomed Spanish bullfighter named Juan Gallardo.  Valentino's first movie of the year however is called "Moran of the Lady Lefty" (based on a novel by Frank Norris in which Valentino plays a young San Franciscan socialite who is shanghaied on to a pirate ship called "Heart of China," and becomes a valued crew member on the ship)  The pirate captain is played by Walter Long (the actor who is killed by Valentino at the end of "The Sheik" and dies again in his second flick with "Rudy") and the crux of the movie revolves around the rookie buccaneer rescuing a sailor from a sinking ship only to discover he has saved the title character female played by actress Dorothy Dalton ... who of course he falls in love with, but there is trouble brewing because the evil pirate captain played by Long also discovers the subterfuge and wants to bed her as soon as possible.  Yikes!  By the end of the 68 minute pot-boiler, Dalton's and Valentino's characters have of course fallen in love, Long's evil pirate, Captain "Slippery" Kitchell has been killed by Valentino's character, Ramon Laredo, when he throws the evil sailor off the upper rigging of the man's own pirate ship, and Ramon has captained the surviving crew into the port of San Diego where he meets some his former San Francisco friends, but rejects returning to his former life, and instead, returns to the "Heart of China" and the embraces of Moran.  And audiences of the time lapped it all up (though it is unknown now how big of a profit it made). 
Movie Poster Missing The Title Character
The Three Pulp Principles

The next Valentino movie to be released in 1922 is 1921's "Beyond the Rocks" with Valentino as Lord Hector Brancondate trying to marry Gloria Swanson (they meet "cute" when the Latin Lover rescues her from drowning when she falls out of a rowboat and into the ocean off coast of Dorset, England) in a mess of a movie that finally ends (after 80 minutes of romantic nonsense) with Swanson's wealthy, but much older husband, deliberating getting himself killed on a North African expedition so that the young couple can be together.  A mess, the picture proves to be a bomb, but is quickly forgotten by the public when Valentino (he is billed under his "new" name, Rodolph Valentino) releases his next movie, another monster hit (and another film written for the screen by June Mathis, from a 1908 novel of the same name by Vincente Blasco Ibanez and a 1921 play by Thomas Cushing ... the movie will also be remade by Tyrone Power as the doomed bullfighter in 1941, and will be remade again in a 1989 Spanish version with Sharon Stone as the woman that causes the bullfighter's downfall, and the flick will also be twisted into two comedies, 1922's Stan Laurel parody, "Mud and Sand," and a 1924 comedy short with Will Rogers playing the matador in the Hal Roach film, "Big Moments From Little Pictures"), "Blood and Sand."   As  a peasant boy that grows up to become one of Spain's finest matadors, Valentino assuages the role of Juan Gallardo, a poor youth who grows up the be a talented matador, a bullfighter who eventually is hopelessly torn between his love for the sweet childhood friend he marries (played by actress Lila Lee and a wealthy, sexy women he meets after achieving fame and fortune as a matador, Dona Sol (played by Nita Naldi) .  Torn between the two women, Valentino's character becomes a dissolute mess of a man that eventually is gored to death in the bullring, but not before reconciling with his wife during his last gasps of life (the movie also features a story that parallels the tale of the bullfighter in which a local peasant outlaw becomes a successful bandit until he takes part in one robbery too many and is shot to death by the local police).  Premiering at the Rialto Theater in Los Angeles on August 22, 1922, the movie will go on to become a huge hit with the public and critics, taking in over a million dollars in its initial runs in America and Canada.
Another Hit
The Death Scene

Valentino's last movie of 1922 was yet another bite of romantic bologna called "The Young Rajah" in which he plays a young man named Amos Judd (based on the John Amos Mitchell of the same name), that raised in the United States discovers he was born as an Indian prince.  As silly as silly can be, Valentino's character is raised in America after escaping a violent coup in his Indian homeland.  Grown, he goes to college at Harvard, falls in love with a beautiful woman named Molly Cabot who is initially racist (played by actress Wanda Hawley), but will be cured of that character flaw by the end of the film, in which he also bests his rival on the rowing team for a spot on the squad and in Molly's heart.  Oh, and Valentino's character has a birthmark that gives him precognitive powers ... and sure enough he has visions of big troubles coming his way, but chooses to return to India anyway and reclaim his throne from a tyrannical bad guy named Ali Khan despite having a vision of his own death ... by the 54th minute of this nonsense's conclusion, Valentino's character has caused Ali Khan to commit suicide, has become the new Maharajah of the fictional country of Dharmagar, and has a vision of marrying Molly and living happily ever after.  Unlike most of his previous screen work, the movie bombs with both film critics and the public (for years the film is thought to be "lost," but in 2005 it becomes found once more, with a restoration being financed by Turner Classic Movies).
As The Young Rajah, Wearing A Costume
Designed By Rambova

Behind his film work work and his troubles with his first and second wives, 1922 also sees the star conduct a one-man strike against Famous Players-Lasky over what he believes is his unfair salary of $1,250 a week (working for the same studio, star Mary Pickford is making over $8,000 a week).  Refusing to accept his paychecks, Paramount sues the actor and for a time bars him from work, though soon they offer him $7,000 per week, which Valentino refuses, stating that beyond the money he wants artistic control of his roles too.  And he also rails about working conditions at the studio, complaining about the size of his dressing room and being denied the privilege of inviting friends to private screenings of his movies.  The studio in turn responds by filing a lawsuit against the actor that prevents him from working for any other studio or appearing on stage.  The actor in turn responds by embarking on a national dance tour with his wife that is sponsored by the Mineralavain Beauty Clay Company in which the couple perform numerous tango exhibitions in the United States and Canada (88 cities in all).  And to further line their pockets, they also judge beauty contests, with the winners being brought to New York City's Madison Square Garden for the finals of the competition, with the winner receiving a film contract (though the winner, Norma Niblock, will only appear in a 13-minute movie about the contest shot by David O. Selznick called "Rudolph Valentino and his 88 American Beauties").  Lots of money being lost by both the studio and Valentino, with the help of lawyer Arthur Butler Graham, the actor will gain a new deal with Famous Players-Lasky in which his salary is increased to $7,500 a week and he gains a measure of creative control over the films he stars in.
Famous Players-Lasky

Before making pictures once more, while trying to keep his head above water, Valentino will publish a book of poetry he calls "Day Dreams."  Published by Macfadden Publications, Incorporated, the poems are not enough to fix the actor's financial problems or have critics comparing him to T.S. Eliot or William Butler Yeats (one critic will simply call his work "rotten").  Though he is only 27, he also pens a "My Life Story" for Photoplay magazine, and it too does not provide the actor with a major amount of wealth.  He also writes a series of illustrated articles for Liberty Magazine entitled "How You Can Keep Fit" in which he gives readers fitness tips and dietary advice (advice that comes in articles like "The Foundation of Strength is a Good Back" and "Let Your Abdomen Have the Strength of Iron Bands")  Trying a different angle, he will record "Kashmin Song" and "El Relicario" for Brunswick Records on May 14 of the year, but with concerns about his pronunciations, they won't even be released until after the actor's death.  He is not so caught up in his own troubles though that he doesn't have time to give to a worthy cause, and in June of the year he and his wife are the guests of honor at the Children's Orthopedic Hospital of Seattle's Pound Party, a charity event garnering donations of food, clothing, and other necessities (Valentino's appearance will make the event the most successful in its history).  And of course there is a major trip back to Europe in July in which the couple journeys on the RMS Aquitania to London, England (a few days are spent in the city conducting interviews with reporters, sightseeing, and shopping for fine clothes at J. Dege & Sons, LTD), then the pair are off ro France (where they visit Paris, take a motor trip to the city of Nice, and find time to visit Cap d'Antibes where they stay in the magnificent estate of Rambova's stepfather, Richard Hudnut, a wealthy American perfumer ... they also almost burn down his mansion when they add candles to a Christmas tree inside the main home's library), before arriving at the couple's main destination, Valentino's home country of Italy.  Ten years removed from his homeland, during the pair's visit to Valentino's homeland there will be jaunts and stops in the Italian's hometown of Castellaneta (where the couple visit with members of Valentino's family that include the actor's older brother, his younger sister, and a passel of aunts, uncles, and cousins), a trip to Florence where the celebrity almost gets into a fight with several Italian officers in a cafe because of the stares they send his wife's way, and a stay in Rome where the Valentino's shop, see the sights, and visit Cines Studio where the film "Quo Vadis" is being shot (there will also be a visit and lunch with actor Emil Jannings, though neither man speaks the other's language, and joined by their wives, a shared luncheon at the Borghese Gardens).  European vacation over, the couple returns to the United States, once more aboard the RMS Aquitania, by December of 1923 (during their European sojourn, the couple will go on a massive buying spree that will have them buying a hodgepodge of items that include furniture, tapestries, jewelry, antique shawls, and a host of antique swords and armor) 
Arriving In England
With His Older Brother

Returning to the United States, Valentino begins climbing out of the financial hole he has dug for himself (or at least he puts in an attempt ... he is in the hole for $80,000 ... or $1,503,929.82 in 2025 dollars).  To fulfill his new contract with Famous Players-Lasky, he will make two movies for the studio in 1924, the first being another bit of insane romantic hookum called "Monsieur Beaucaire" in which the actor plays a royal Frenchman named the Duke de Chartres who loves King Louis XV's daughter, Princess Henriette (played by actress Bebe Daniels).  The pair however have troubles and Valentino flees to England where he disguises himself as a common barber named Monsieur Beaucaire.  As the title character he catches the Duke of Winterset cheating at cards and blackmails the man into introducing him into English high society (disguised as the Duke de Chateaurien) where he becomes involved with the beautiful Lady Mary (Doris Kenyon), who is hot to trot for him until she finds out he is just a masquerading barber, then falls for him again when it comes out that he is actually a French duke, whom Lady Mary very much wants again.  Not confused yet, Valentino's duke is exposed as being just a barber by the Duke of Winterset, but turns the tables on the cad by exposing Winterset's dishonor ... and then with Lady Mary hot for him again, he decides to return to France as himself, and of course, the princess is now in love with him.  Bunkum laced with poofery (in costumes designed by his wife of course, Valentino will appear in powdered wigs, lace, tight breeches, and in some scenes, massive amounts of makeup), the movie will not make back the money that is spent making it (the tale will be twisted into a Bob Hope comedy film in 1946, one that makes money and is ranked as the #20 box office movie of the year)..
Monsieur Beaucaire
Dancing With Lady Mary

Valentino is next on display in a "lost" movie called "A Sainted Devil," (based on a novel by Rex Beach called "Rope's End") in which he portrays a South American nobleman of Spanish descent that has a large estate in Argentina.  The nobleman, Don Alonzo Castro, played by Valentino of course, is launched into a series of troubles that include an arranged marriage with a beauty named Julietta (played by Dagmar Godowsky), his wife being kidnapped by a bandit called "El Tigre' (at the behest of course of a jealous former lover of Valentino's nobleman), the Valentino character believing his wife is unfaithful and becoming disillusioned with the fair sex, a brawl with El Tigre in which Valentino has the upper hand until he is distracted by the former lover, and about to be killed, is saved when the bandit is done in by his mortal enemy, Don Luis, and the truth about his wife's kidnapping is reveled, giving Valentino's character a chance to be reunited with his wife and finally begin their new life together.  Good Lord, Mercy Please!  The movie is believed to have lost money, with critics citing the film's weak story telling, Valentino's unconvincing performance as Don Alonzo, the film's unconvincing structure, the tale's lack of charm, and once again one of the major culprits of the mess is identified as Valentino's wife who is the sole costume designer for the film, becomes involved in the narrative style and direction of the movie, clashes with actress Jetta Goudal until she is replaced by Godowsky in the lead role of Valentino's wife, and on many occasions, serves as an uncredited director on the film.
Another Bomb
He Does Dance Though
  
The year also sees Valentino try to fulfill the four picture deal he has with the Famous Players subsidiary, Ritz-Carlton Pictures.  It does not go well.  The first movie he tries to make is an historical drama set in 14th century Spain based loosely on the tale of El Cid called "The Hooded Falcon," and was to feature Valentino playing a bearded (which of course sets off a brief panic among American barbers that the males of America will soon stop shaving) Moorish nobleman and warrior (though at first his character is a young Spanish nobleman) who falls in love with a Moorish princess played by actress Nita Naldi amid a narrative featuring Spaniards, Moors, and Jews as key characters.  The troubles for the film begin immediately when Rambova begins tinkering with the original script written by June Mathis (seething at the changes that are made to her script, Mathis will quit the movie and not talk to Valentino again until 1926, when the former friends reconcile shortly before the actor's death) ... and so it is that under the name, Justus Layne, an entirely new script is written by Valentino's wife in which his character transforms into a dark-skinned Moor (and of course, Rambova is also doing the costuming for the film).  Before filming even begins, with the changes made to the original script attached to the Valentinos' already lavish spending on costumes and sets, the budget for the film begins to spiral out of control and the studio becomes heavily involved in the project, causing further turmoil with the pair until the decision is made to terminate the whole project, and pull the plug on the studio's involvement with the Valentinos (and his contract with Famous Players-Lasky will not be renewed).
The New Look Valentino

A significant year for the actor as he tries to re-establish himself in the movie business, 1925 sees the actor investing in a place he and his wife can call home (designed by architect Wallace Neff and built by real estate developer George Read) high above South California's Benedict Canyon (although they will soon be divorced and she never lives there) for the sum of $175,000 (over $3,138,000 today), Valentino moves into a 4,700 square-foot, two-level, Spanish style villa with stucco walls and a red-tiled roof that he calls "Falcon Lair" (a name that pays homage to his never shot film, "The Hooded Falcon") at No. 2 Bella Drive.  It is a mountain top estate of over 8 acres that is fit for a King, or one of the most famous entertainers in the world.  Valentino's home contains 16 rooms, three of which are master bedrooms, three baths, an assortment of fireplaces, a library, and there is a detached four-car garage that has a 120-gallon gas pump and a separate upstairs four-bedroom servants' quarters, with everything surrounded by Italian-inspired gardens enclosed behind a privacy inducing 9-foot high concrete fence.  Inside the home are an extensive collection of antiques, European furniture, and memorabilia the actor has collected on his travels.  The estate also includes a stable for the four Arabian horses the actor owns ("Firefly," "Yacqui," "Ramadan," and "Haroun"), a kennel for his dogs (over the years he will own a Doberman Pinscher named "Kabar," an Irish Wolfhound named "Centaur Pendragon," German Shepherds named "Marquis" and "Sheik," a Spanish Greyhound named "Mirtza," two Italian Mastiffs named "Sheila" and "Shaitan," along with a number of other canines from the Pekingese and Great Dane breeds ... and there are also places on the estate in which the actor keeps six European falcons, a green monkey, a large gopher snake, and for a time, a lion cub named Zela (growing dangerous as it gets bigger, the "pet" will eventually grow too large to easily handle, begin escaping from the compound much to the anguish of the actor's neighbors, and will eventually maul the leg of an intruder on the property, a private detective hired by Valentino's first wife to spy on the actor, and he will be forced to return the cat to the animal trainer he was originally purchased from).  Among the actor's neighbors will be future Oscar-winning screenwriter Francis Marion and her cowboy actor husband Fred Thomson (in a neighboring estate called "Enchanted Hill"), film director Fred Niblo (the man who directs the first version of "Ben Hur") who has a property bordering Valentino's called "Misty Mountain," married star players Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks (who often drop in on Valentino unannounced), comedy star Harold Lloyd, genius comedian and filmmaker Buster Keaton, cowboy actor Tom Mix, actor John Gilbert, actress Corinne Griffith, and superstar comedian Charlie Chaplin.  It is a heady place to live in, and whether it is Valentino or someone else, a party always seems to be in process.        
Falcon Lair
Valentino In His Falcon Lair Home
With His Favorite Pet, "Kabar" At Falcon Lair

Needing an income to pay for the property, his pets, and the parties he throws at his palace, Valentino is back before the cameras in 1925.  A joint production of Famous Players-Lasky and Ritz-Carlton Pictures, his first movie of the year is romantic potboiler (based on a Broadway play by Martin Brown in which the lead role is a female) called "Cobra' (from the notion that women can mesmerise men just like a cobra can with it's prey) in which Valentino plays Count Rodrigo Torriani, a character that is riddled with internal conflicts dealing with his attraction to women versus his needs to be honorable and loyal as he struggles with the pull of his temptations while seeking a better life for himself and his love.  A very messed up individual, Valentino's character leaves Italy to spend time with a friend named Jack Dorning (played by Casson Ferguson) in New York City, where he works as an antiques expert for his buddy, and becomes involved with his friend's wife (played by Nita Naldi) and his friend's secretary (played by Gertrude Olmstead).  Deluxe corn again (70 minutes of it), the Count almost makes love to his buddy's wife, but decides at the last minute that he can't betray his buddy and leaves ... AND JUST IN THE NICK OF TIME AS THE HOTEL CATCHES FIRE AND KILLS A HOST OF IT'S OCCUPANTS, INCLUDING MRS. DORNING!  Free now to pursue his love for his buddy's secretary, the count instead pushes the secretary towards his widowed friend, boards a steamer and heads back to whatever the future holds for him in Europe.  Behind the scenes there are a myriad of problems that keep the film from being released until the year is almost over, though the star does enjoy when the world heavy-weight boxing champion, Jack Dempsey, visits the set and gives him pugilistic tips. Once again Valentino's wife is involved in a share of the problems that plague the production and her script will require a full rewrite (and it doesn't help that during the same period of time her marriage to Valentino enters its "death throes" phase), but the difficulties with the movie go deeper than that and also involve the cinematographer quitting after a fight with director Joseph Henabery over how the picture is being filmed (he will be replaced by Devereaux Jennings) and the director will also be unhappy about most of the performances he oversees, Valentino is unhappy with the quality of the production, and Paramount Pictures, the film's distributer will be unhappy with the final cut of the production and hold the movie back until 1925 is almost over (and the public is once more glamoring for Valentino product after he has a hit with his next movie, "The Eagle").
Cobra
Tips From The World Champ

"Cobra" completed, Valentino goes to work on his next film (and his first on a three picture contract with United Artists at a salary of $10,000 a week for filming three movies for the company and a contract in it that has a clause banning Valentino's wife from participating in the production of his movies or being on the set when they are being filmed), plus a percentage of the profits.  The first movie Valentino makes under his United Artists agreement is called "The Eagle," and is a romantic adventure story (of course) based on an 1841 novel by Alexander Pushkin set in 18th-Century Imperial Russia.  In the film, Valentino plays Lt. Vladimir Dubrovsky, a Russian Army officer that saves a beautiful young lady (Vilma Banky as Mascha) and her aunt from a runaway stagecoach, which brings him to the attention of Czarina, Catherine the Great (played by Louise Dresser) who decides she wants the dashing young hero, but he doesn't want her and spurns becoming romantically involved with the Czarina, a decision that gets him declared a deserter and puts a price on his head from the spurned Imperial.  At roughly the same time, an evil nobleman named Kyrilla Troekouroff (played by James Marcus) seizes the land belonging to the Dubrovsky family and has Valentino's father killed.  Vowing revenge, Valentino's character transforms himself into a masked avenger called "The Black Eagle" that goes about protecting and avenging the injustices Troekouroff has wrought on the peasant population of the area.  Complicating matters greatly, he is in love with Mascha, who turns out to be the daughter of the evil Troekouroff.  Wanting to be near the women he loves, but that doesn't recognize him as her savior from earlier in the movie, and to gain revenge on the evil Troekouroff, Valentino assumes the role of a never before seen French tutor named Monsieur LeBlanc that is assigned to the Troekouroff household.  Eventually Dubrovsky is exposed as being both "The Black Eagle" and Monsieur LeBlanc, and the movie's hero is arrested and turned over to the Czarina for execution, but of course at the last minute she has a change of heart and instead of putting Valentino's character to death (though she believes the execution has taken place), with the help of General Kushka (played by Austrian-American actor Albert Conti), Dubrovsky is sent to Paris as Monsieur LeBlanc with Mascha in tow, presumably to live happily ever after.  Finally another hit for Valentino, the film makes a profit for both Valentino and United Artists, and is remembered for it's famous extended tracking shot of a large party taking place at a 60 foot long banquet table (directed by Clarence Brown and featuring the production designs of William Cameron Menzies) that will eventually be nominated by The American Film Institute for its 2001 listing on the group's 100 Most Thrilling American Movies of All Time (and in an uncredited role, a young actor by the name of Gary Cooper plays a masked Cossack in the Black Eagle's band of brigands).  
Movie Poster
Banky & Valentino In "The Eagle"

Along with the two movies he makes in 1925, and the work Valentino does on his Falcon Lair estate, the movie star finds time to establish a acting award called the Rudolph Valentino Medal for Screen Acting (as chosen by a select group of 75 major newspaper and periodical film critics, two official judges, and the actor himself) that is given to John Barrymore for his 1924 role in the film "Beau Brummel" (Valentino will personally present the winner with a medal during a dinner and award ceremony that takes place at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles before a gathering of notable Hollywood celebrities that include Marion Davies and Douglas Fairbanks, Norma and Constance Talmadge, Jack Warner, Darryl Zanuck, Hal Wallis, Bess Meredith, and Ernest Lubitsch).  Additional pleasures not already mentioned come to the actor from cooking delicious but simple Italian dishes such as spaghetti and meatballs, driving about town in his collection of cars that included a Isotta Fraschini Italian touring car, a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost (with a unique alligator paint finish), a French Avion Voisin, a Franklin Coupe, and for work around his home, a Ford truck, adding to his clothing collection of 40 suits, 300 neckties, 50 pairs of shoes, Homburg hats without their typical silk brims, and acquiring numerous gold, silver, and diamond cufflinks, fine watches, and scarf pins (he also often wears a slave bracelet given to him by his wife).  And dating back to documenting his early days in America, Valentino becomes a photography enthusiast that has an extensive collection of high-quality equipment at his home that includes top-of-the-line French Debrie cameras, and a number of cameras for filming home movies (on his sets he can often be found filming behind-the-scenes footage).
Valentino Awarding Barrymore His Medal While
The Master Of Ceremonies For The Evening, Director And
Screenwriter Rupert Hughes Looks On 
Valentino At His Estate With His 1923 Voisin C5 Sporting
Victoria And His Doberman Pinscher Pinscher, Kabar

Officially divorced from Natacha Rambova (the parting comes as a result of the actor tiring of his wife's influence on his film choices, costumes, and career management, the couple's differing views on marriage, Rambova's refusal to give her husband the child he longs for, and the discovery that his wife has had an affair with cinematographer Devereaux Jennings while the pair are filming "What Price Beauty?") in Paris, France as 1925 comes to an end (while awaiting his parting from Rambova, Valentino spends time in London promoting "The Eagle" and begins a romance with sultry Polish actress Pola Negri).  Returning to the United States by the time 1926 begins, in February the actor starts filming another "Sheik" movie (the United Artists production will be shot in Hollywood, California and in Arizona's Yuma Desert where temperatures clock in at 110 degrees Fahrenheit, the cast and crew live in tents while being plagued by hordes of sand flies and having hot sand get in everything ... despite the hardships of the desert locations, Valentino will not utter a word of complaint), a followup to the original movie (and novel by Edith Maude Hull), in "The Son of the Sheik  the star will tackle the duel rolls of his character from the first movie, Sheik Ahmed Ben Hassan, and the sheik's son, also named Ahmed.  In the second "Sheik" film, the younger Ahmed falls for a local dancing girl named Yasmin (played by Vilma Banky), which leads to trouble because her father (played by George Fawcett) is the secret leader of  a group of brigands, one of which, a treacherous Moor named Ghabah (played by Montagu Love), is betrothed to the young lass.  Pursuing a secret romance with Yasmin, Ahmed Jr. meets her one too many times at some old ruins outside of the town of Touggourt and is captured by Yasmin's father, his men, and the vicious Ghabah.  As a captive being held for ransom, Junior is tortured and told by Ghabah the falsehood that Yasmin betrayed him.  Believing the lie, when he escapes captivity with the help of his own men, he seeks revenge against Yasmin.  Kidnapping his former love from the Touggourt dance hall, Junior takes her back to his desert camp to wreck his revenge upon her, but is stopped by his father and forced to release her.  Heartbroken, she returns to dancing in Touggourt.  Meanwhile, Ghabah's subterfuge is uncovered by both Junior's loyal friend, Ramadan (played by Karl Dane) and Yasmin, and when Junior finds out, he sets off to get her back.  With the help of his father, Ramadan, and the Sheik's men, Junior is able to get Yasmin back but not willing to let his defeat go, the couple are pursued on horseback across the desert by Ghabah and a climatic fight between the two men (with Valentino doing all his own stunts) takes place in which Junior eventually gains the upper hand over his evil rival and strangles Ghabah to death.  Happily-ever-after, the film ends with Junior, Yasmin, and Junior's parents all lovingly riding across the desert to the magnificent future they are sure they'll find.  Just the kind of film Valentino's fans have been waiting for, the movie becomes a huge hit after it debuts in downtown Los Angeles at The Million Dollar Theatre on July 9, 1926 (the movie will become a huge hit in America, Canada, and worldwide, eventually bringing in $1,562,733 from American and Canadian audiences, and an additional $4,360,000 from the rest of the world ... the equivalent of roughly $112,794,736.84 in 2025 dollars)             
Movie Poster
The Climatic Fight

Movie completed, while Valentino is wrapped up in promoting his latest film (there will be promotional stops in San Francisco, Chicago, and New York City), he also finds time to continue romancing Pola Negri, begins planning his next movie (a film about Renaissance artist and adventurer Benvenuto Cellini), and becomes involved in a real-life feud while in Chicago with the Chicago Tribune over an editorial the paper publishes questioning the masculinity of the actor.  The feud will be called the "Pink Powder Puff  War" (for men's facial powder being sold in some of Chicago's men's restrooms) and is sparked when an anonymous (the writer is believed to be Tribune writer John Herrick) editorial appears in the paper on July 18 of 1926 in which the "feminization" of America is directly blamed on Valentino and the article questions why no one hasn't drowned the actor years before (there are also rumors that the whole thing is a secret publicity stunt orchestrated by Valentino's press agent, Victor Shapiro).  Unsurprisingly, the incensed actor responds by challenging the unknown writer of the calumny to either a boxing or wrestling match to defend his honor (the furious actor will be quoted as stating, "Hoping I will have an opportunity to demonstrate to you that the wrist under a slave bracelet may snap a real fist into your sagging jaw."), but whoever the anonymous man is, he never surfaces and instead, in front of a group of writers, with his friend Jack Dempsey serving as the referee, Valentino fights sportswriter Buck O'Neil of the New York Evening Journal on the roof of New York City's Ambassador Hotel.  Not much of a match at all (the whole thing appears to be staged), after the sportswriter lands one punch on the actor, Valentino throws his one punch and knocks down the much larger New Yorker who will exclaim, "That boy has a punch like a mule's kick!" (the controversy will also lead to a brief friendship with the writer H.L. Mencken who the actor consults about how to handle the entire controversy). 
On The Road Promoting His Last Movie

Still in New York City promoting the film and himself, the actor is ensconced in a suite at the city's Ambassador Hotel on Park Avenue (at 51st Street) in Manhattan on August 15, 1926, when while reading the Sunday papers, he suddenly clutches his side, gasps in pain, doubles over before falling to the floor and passing out.  Ambulance called by his manager George Ullman, the actor is rushed to the nearby Polyclinic Hospital on West 50th Street where in a matter of a few minutes he is being operated on for a ruptured gastric ulcer and appendicitis by a medical team of four doctors (lead surgeon Dr. H.D. Meeker, assistant surgeon Dr. Durham, the senior house physician at the hospital, Dr. Golden R. Battey, and a specialist in stomach diseases, Dr. G. Randolph Manning), assisted by the nurses on duty in the area.  Valentino's pulse is 140, but he makes it through the first crisis of his medical emergency (conscious once more, he will ask Dr. Meeker if he is a pink powder puff, and Dr. Durham will quickly respond, "No indeed, you have been very brave," and when his manager arrives he will smile and ask Ullman, "How did I take it?" and when told he handled things just fine, will whisper, "Oh well, once a sheik, always a sheik"), and by August 17th in the hospital the rubber drains placed in the actor's body during his initial surgery stop draining, which is believed to be a good sign.  On August 19 of his stomach problems, the actor's pulse and temperature return to normal, and everyone is optimistic that the worst is over.  Unfortunately though, his condition suddenly worsens on the morning of August 20 with Valentino complaining about experiencing a chill and that he has severe pains in the upper region of his left abdomen and left chest (his medical team responding immediately, it will be found that the actor has developed pleurisy, which quickly becomes pneumonia in his left lung).  The film star's condition continues to worsen on August 21 and August 22, with Valentino's pleurisy growing stronger as he becomes feverish and experiences extreme difficulty breathing as he pants for breath and moans with each inhale, his pulse races, he experiences severe stomach pains, along with nausea and vomiting, and his temperature soars to 104.2 degrees.  In the early hours of August 23rd, Valentino is able to recognize his boss, Joseph M. Schenck, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the United Artists Corporation, and tells him, "Don't worry, Chief, I will be all right," tells his manager not to lower the shades in his hospital room, and before lapsing into unconsciousness, unaware he is dying, invites Dr. Meeker to come on a fishing trip later in the year and once more inquires whether he has acted like a "powder puff," then he slips into a final coma and passes away (with Valentino at the end are his manager S. George Ullman, his close friend Frank Mennillo, his surgeon, Dr. Meeker, actress Pola Negri, and the pastor of nearby St. Malachy's Roman Catholic Church, Father Edward F. Leonard who gives the actor the church's last rites) at 12:10 p.m. on August 23, 1926.  The actor is 31 years old at the time of his death.   .                  
The Ambassador Hotel
New York Polyclinic Hospital

Following his demise, Valentino's body is placed in a wicker basket, covered with a gold cloth and taken to the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Church where it is embalmed before being dressed in full evening attire and placed on a draped catafalque for public viewing in the establishment's Gold Room.  Like a huge super magnet, the body will attract enormous crowds that are estimated to be over 100,000 strong (many of them young women) to the funeral home ... a multitude that stretches out over 11 blocks and crazed by their desire to see the fallen star, start rioting (to which the city responds by sending into the area over 100 mounted officers and members of the NYPD's Police Reserve, the mess of humanity will have to be charged several times before order is finally restored); there will be smashed windows, knocked down barriers, trampled mourners, fights, Broadway being closed for hours at a time, brawls break out with over 100 individuals suffering injuries, several distraught women attempt suicide, and there will also be lots of fainting as the throngs of people leave the area around the funeral parlor littered with torn clothing, hats, umbrellas, and dozens of shoes.  And there is more of the same when the actor's body is transported (amazingly, only one person will be arrested during all the funeral tumult) to St. Malachy's Church (famously known as "The Actor's Chapel") on Monday, August 30th at 11:00 in the morning for a private goodbye from celebrities and individuals in the movie industry.  The Catholic Requiem Mass will be presided over by the church's rector. Father Edward F. Leonard (assisted by Father Joseph Congedo), will feature Spaeth's "Miserere," Gounod's "Ave Maria," and Massenet's "Elegy" for music (with a side performance of Pola Negri's dramatic weeping) and be attended by celebrities that include actor Douglas Fairbanks (an honorary pallbearer), actress Mary Pickford, actress Gloria Swanson, former Paramount Pictures head Adolph Zukor (an honorary pallbearer ... there will be twelve in all), Valentino's first wife, Jean Acker, actress Madge Bellamy, actor Richard Dix, the actress Talmadge sisters (Constance and Norma), actress Marion Davies (William Randolph Hearst's gal pal), Louise Brooks, and yet another (she starts with her arrival at New York's Grand Central station, beginning a series of mourning art pieces that last until she marries Prince Serge Mdivani months later) special "look-at-me" performance from Pola Negri full of weeping and fainting.  And outside the church there is more of the same crowd madness that has been infecting New York City since the actor's death was officially announced, highlighted by several women attempting suicide.
Trying To Say Goodbye
Ardent Admirer Eva Miller Praying Before The Body Of Valentino
    
The casket carrying Valentino then is driven to New York's Grand Central Station and departs for Los Angeles, California aboard the New York Central Railroad on their "Water Level Rout" ... moving through Albany, Buffalo, and Cleveland, before arriving at Chicago's LaSalle Street Station.  There the funeral cars are transferred to the city's Dearborn Station for a journey on the Santa Fe Railroad that will pass through Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona before finally arriving in California (showing up in America after a journey to the United States aboard the White Star liner, "Homeric," Valentino's older brother, Alberto Gugliemi, accompanies his younger brother's body on it's cross country trip to Los Angeles ... also on the cross country train is Pola Negri, who once again does her grieving lover routine ... the journey is also shared by Valentino's grieving manager, S. George Ullman).  To prevent the crowd chaos that took place in New York, the actor's remains are quickly removed from the train at the line's El Sereno station in northeast Los Angeles, placed in hearse and driven into Los Angeles, arriving in the city just before 3:00 p.m. on Monday, 9/6, 1926.  Valentino's remains are then held by a local undertaker until the following day.  On Tuesday, a private funeral service for the actor takes place at the Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills that is "invitation only" and is once more attended by a who's-who of celebrities (some that also attended his New York ceremony) that includes Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Gloria Swanson, the Talmadge sisters, Harold Lloyd, William S. Hart, Jesse Lasky, Pola Negri (doing her standard "grief" routine again), Marion Davies, first wife Jean Acker (and Acker's mother), Adolf Zucker, Valentino's manager, S. George Ullman, June Mathis, and of course, Valentino's older brother.  When the traditional Catholic rites are completed, the actor's body is taken to Hollywood Memorial Park (now Hollywood Forever Cemetery) on Santa Monica Blvd. where he is interred in a crypt donated by June Mathis (who dies in New York City the following year at the age of only 40, and now rests beside Valentino) located in the cemetery's Cathedral Mausoleum.
Hearse Loading In El Sereno
At The Church Of The Good Shepard
Being Walked Into His Final Resting Place
Internment Spot - Note The Lipstick Marks

Valentino's story though doesn't end with his death and burial.  In debt at the time of his death, Valentino's personal possessions and estate are put up for auction after his death in a heavily publicized event simply titled "Catalogue for the Public Auction of the Estate of Rudolph Valentino" ... and it is basically everything the actor owned.  Among the items for sale are his Falcon Lair estate (it will have a handful of owners that get the property for a song ... among them are New York diamond broker Jules Howard who pays $145,000 for the property but never stays in it, actress Ann Harding buys the property for $75,000 and then sells it five months later for $125,00 to a San Francisco nightclub owner, and the property will also be rented out to a variety of tenants, one of which is western star Harry Carey, before being sold to tobacco heiress Doris Duke who buys the estate for an unknown price in 1953 (what is known is that her estate sells the property in 1998 for $2,294,000) and his Whitley Heights home, Villa Valentino, at 6776 Wedgewood Place (it's owners after Valentino are unknown, what is known is that the place is demolished in 1951 to make room for the Hollywood Freeway).  Also up for sale at the auction are his automobiles, which include an Isotta Fraschini and a 32-foot wooden yacht able to comfortably sleep eight people called both "Charade" and "The Phoenix' (the actor will only be alive to use the vessel three times), the actor's personal wardrobe of 7 dressing robes, 10 dress suits, 6 pairs of colored Japanese silk pajamas, 146 pairs of socks, 60 pairs of gloves, 10 overcoats, over 100 ties, 60 pairs of shoes, 109 shirt collars, personal effects that include scarf pins, cufflinks, an onyx pocket watch, monogramed silverware, and an assortment of cameras, canes, spats, and vests.  Additionally, the items up for auction also include the actor's collections of books, artwork, antique arms and armor, along with a grand piano, and all his dogs and horses.  A cornucopia of collectibles that in two auctions (one at the Hall of Arts Studios in Hollywood, and a second in San Francisco shortly after 1927 begins) only garners $96,654 against estate debts that are over a million dollars (in March of 2021, a four acre piece of the property where the estate once stood sells for $15,000,000!).
Catalog Of Items
The Auction Begins

In 1927, the actor is back in the news as part of a mystery when for the first time on the anniversary of his death, a woman covered from foot to head in black, appears in front of his tomb, prays for a little while and then departs without saying a word, leaving behind a single red rose.  For years and years, three decades in all, the mystery woman will show up at Valentino's tomb on the anniversary of his death a leave behind a single red rose.  Later it will be determined that the woman is Ditra Flame (she is born with the name of Ditra Helena Mefford, but will also go by the moniker her adopted parents give her, Princess Orvella Wilson).  She eventually becomes the famous "Woman in Black" after meeting the star through her parents when she is hospitalized, in a gravely ill state, when she is only 14 years old and is visited by the actor, who is a friend of her parents.  On the occasion of their meeting, Valentino gives the girl a red rose and promised her she would recover, in return for his assurances that she will become well, the actor requests, "If I die before you do, please come and stay by me for awhile because I don't want to be alone."  Ditra recovers, and after 1926 and Valentino's death, she begins fulfilling her promise to the actor, at least she does for awhile, a long while as it turns out.  She will visit the actor's tomb on anniversary of the day of Valentino's death from 1927 to 1954, then will stop because she does not want to deal with all the other women in black that start also visiting the actor's resting place on the anniversary of his death, before resuming in 1974, and continuing her yearly visits until her death in 1984 (between visits, Flame is a professional violinist who plays in a band called "The Blondes, Brunettes and Redheads, and spends several years working at a Mojave Indian rescue mission, along with dedicating her time to raising money for the Rose of Sharon Missionary Fund) at the age of 78.  And there will be other Ladies In Black that include Estrellita del Regil who continues the tradition after Flame's death.  Actress Vicki Callahan will have the official duties since 1995, and a woman named Karie Bible that will attend the annual service for Valentino at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery attired completely in black (and there is a women named Anna Maria Carrascosa who will wrongly claim her mother was the actual first Lady In Black).  
Ditra Flame At Valentino's Tomb

And as if that craziness isn't enough, almost immediately after Valentino's death, stories start being told that his ghost still haunts the areas he use to live in.  At Falcon Lair in Beverly Hills there are numerous reports over the years of phantom footsteps being heard, doors opening and closing without human assistance (along with doorknobs turning though no one is there), and sightings of the actor's ghost at the home's stables petting living horses (one caretaker at the property even runs down the canyon in the middle of the night screaming that he has seen Valentino's ghost).   It will be reported that actor Harry Carey eventually moves out of the home because of the frequency of Valentino visits, and heiress Doris Duke, who owns the home for decades (attended by her butler, Bernard Lefferty), will claim to encounter the shade numerous times, and there are reports that Valentino returns to his home to be with thirty mediums in which his spirit states, "This is Rudolph.You are in my house.  Please be my guests." .  Valentino's shade is also reported to haunt his final resting place at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery (visitors will claim they have encountered the ghost near the actor's crypt), several security guards and studio personnel have reported seeing Valentino dressed in white and also in his famous "Sheik" costume on the grounds of Paramount Studios.  He has also been reported to have been seen dancing in the former lounge of the Hollywood Knickerbocker Hotel (even though the establishment opened after the actor's death), there have been reports of paranormal activity taking place at a beach house Valentino owned in Oxnard, a number of guests at the Santa Maria Inn have claimed to have encountered Valentino's spirit in one of the room's the actor always requested during stays there, his ghost is reported to have been spotted in the bathroom of the famous Musso and Frank Grill in Hollywood, and his shade has been said to give out "ghost kisses" to women that occupy Room 264 at the Hollywood Hotel.
The Haunted Falcon Lair Property
Harry Carey, His Wife, And One Of Their Daughters At
Falcon Lair

And not to be left out, it is said that Valentino's dead dog, also haunts a number of places he enjoyed with his master during his brief life.  Valentino's favorite pet of all the animals he owned, in 1923 as a young puppy only a few months old, the actor is gifted with a Doberman Pinscher from a Belgian diplomat that will come to be known as "Kabar" (from the Arabic word "kabir," meaning "great," magnificent," or "powerful" and Valentino's pet will display all those characteristics during his life).  For actor and dog, it is love at first sight. and the two become inseparable companions with the dog traveling with Valentino (including when the actor is in first class), and sleeping in the same room as his beloved master.  Not feeling well and worried how a heatwave in New York might affect his furry pal, Valentino decides to go on his movie promotional tour for "Son of the Sheik" without Kabar, but after four years together the two seem to be psychically linked, and at the moment the actor dies in New York City, thousands of miles away at Falcon Lair, the dog begins howling (many of the actor's other pets also then begin wailing) and is inconsolable as if he knows the actor has passed.  Sadly, the pet never gets over the loss and begins constantly prowling his mountain home looking for the actor, and while under the care of Valentino's brother, becomes ill, and eventually runs away.  It is believed by many that he vanishes seeking his master.  Wherever he went, the dog eventually returns to Falcon Lair a few months later in very poor shape with his paws worn raw and his body excessively thin.  Despite the best efforts of a local veterinarian, the dog refuses to eat and passes away on January 17, 1929, seemingly as a result of his broken heart for his missing master.  Unable to bury the dog at Falcon Lair due to a city ordinance, Valentino's brother has the dog interned at the newly opened, nearby, Los Angeles Pet Park ... the first animal to be buried there, and in the following years the beloved Doberman Pinscher will be joined by an MGM lion named Tawny, Jiggs the chimpanzee that played Cheetah in the Tarzan movies, Topper, Hopalong Cassidy's horse, Pete the Pup from the "Our Gang" comedy series, Mae West's monkey, Boogie, a Champagne Cocker Spaniel belonging to Humphry Bogart and Lauren Bacall named Droopy, Boots, Charlie Chaplin's cat, an Irish Setter named Muggins that belonged to Jimmy Durante, along with pets once owned by William Randolph Hearst, William Shatner, Alfred Hitchcock, Bob Barker, Debby Reynolds, Diana Ross, Eddie Fisher, Tori Spelling, Betty Grable, Steven Spielberg, Harry James, Bing Crosby, Ida Lupino, Edward G. Robinson, and Peter Lorre.
Kabar & Valentino At Sea

At Falcon Lair
Formal Portrait

But like his master, death doesn't stop the canine from continuing to seek out his beloved owner, and over the years there will be reports of the dog roaming the grounds of the Memorial Park he is buried at, with visitors over the years saying that near his grave barking and panting can be heard, and for a privileged few, their hands are licked.  Along with the pet cemetery, the devoted dog has also put in many appearances on the grounds of Falcon Lair, usually around the time of his master's birthday, and in 1948 the dog is reported to have been seen by a group of mediums conducting a seance at Valentino's home.  A dog lover myself, here's hoping that the two have found each other in the afterlife, and there, will be together forever and ever! 

FINIS